wasmtime/docs/embed-rust.md

Embedding Wasmtime in Rust

This document shows how to embed Wasmtime using the Rust API, and run a simple wasm program.

Create some wasm

Let's create a simple WebAssembly file with a single exported function that returns an integer:

(;; wat2wasm hello.wat -o $WASM_FILES/hello.wasm ;;)
(module
  (func (export "answer") (result i32)
     i32.const 42
  )
)

Create rust project

$ cargo new --bin wasmtime_hello
$ cd wasmtime_hello
$ cp $WASM_FILES/hello.wasm .

We will be using the wasmtime engine/API to run the wasm file, so we will add the dependency to Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
wasmtime = "<current version>"

where "" is the current version number of the wasmtime crate.

It is time to add code to the src/main.rs. First, storage needs to be activated:

# extern crate wasmtime;
use wasmtime::*;

let store = Store::default();

The hello.wasm can be read from the file system and provided to the Module object constructor as &[u8]:

# extern crate wasmtime;
# use wasmtime::*;
# fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
# let store = Store::default();
use std::fs::read;

let hello_wasm = read("hello.wasm")?;

let module = Module::new(&store, &hello_wasm)?;
# Ok(())
# }

The module instance can now be created. Normally, you would provide imports, but in this case, there are none required:

# extern crate wasmtime;
# use wasmtime::*;
# fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
# let store = Store::default();
# let module = Module::new(&store, "(module)")?;
let instance = Instance::new(&module, &[])?;
# Ok(())
# }

Everything is set. If a WebAssembly module has a start function -- it was run. The instance's exports can be used at this point. wasmtime provides functions to get an export by name, and ensure that it's a function:

# extern crate wasmtime;
# use wasmtime::*;
# fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
# let store = Store::default();
# let module = Module::new(&store, r#"(module (func (export "answer")))"#)?;
# let instance = Instance::new(&module, &[])?;
let answer = instance.get_export("answer").expect("answer").func().expect("function");
# Ok(())
# }

The exported function can be called using the call method. The exported "answer" function accepts no parameters and returns a single i32 value.

# extern crate wasmtime;
# use wasmtime::*;
# fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
# let store = Store::default();
# let module = Module::new(&store, r#"(module (func (export "answer") (result i32) i32.const 2))"#)?;
# let instance = Instance::new(&module, &[])?;
# let answer = instance.get_export("answer").expect("answer").func().expect("function");
let result = answer.call(&[])?;
println!("Answer: {:?}", result[0].i32());
# Ok(())
# }

Since we know the signature of the function ahead of time, we can also assert its signature and call the function directly without doing conversions:

# extern crate wasmtime;
# use wasmtime::*;
# fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
# let store = Store::default();
# let module = Module::new(&store, r#"(module (func (export "answer") (result i32) i32.const 2))"#)?;
# let instance = Instance::new(&module, &[])?;
# let answer = instance.get_export("answer").expect("answer").func().expect("function");
let answer = answer.get0::<i32>()?;
let result: i32 = answer()?;
println!("Answer: {}", result);
# Ok(())
# }

The names of the WebAssembly module's imports and exports can be discovered by means of module's corresponding methods.

src/main.rs

# extern crate wasmtime;
use std::error::Error;
use std::fs::read;
use wasmtime::*;

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    let store = Store::default();

    let wasm = read("hello.wasm")?;

    let module = Module::new(&store, &wasm)?;
    let instance = Instance::new(&module, &[])?;

    let answer = instance.get_export("answer").expect("answer").func().expect("function");
    let result = answer.call(&[])?;
    println!("Answer: {:?}", result[0].i32());
    Ok(())
}