Alex Crichton 6571fb8f4f Remove HostRef from the wasmtime public API (#788)
* Remove `HostRef` from the `wasmtime` public API

This commit removes all remaining usages of `HostRef` in the public API
of the `wasmtime` crate. This involved a number of API decisions such
as:

* None of `Func`, `Global`, `Table`, or `Memory` are wrapped in `HostRef`
* All of `Func`, `Global`, `Table`, and `Memory` implement `Clone` now.
* Methods called `type` are renamed to `ty` to avoid typing `r#type`.
* Methods requiring mutability for external items now no longer require
  mutability. The mutable reference here is sort of a lie anyway since
  the internals are aliased by the underlying module anyway. This
  affects:
  * `Table::set`
  * `Table::grow`
  * `Memory::grow`
  * `Instance::set_signal_handler`
* The `Val::FuncRef` type is now no longer automatically coerced to
  `AnyRef`. This is technically a breaking change which is pretty bad,
  but I'm hoping that we can live with this interim state while we sort
  out the `AnyRef` story in general.
* The implementation of the C API was refactored and updated in a few
  locations to account for these changes:
  * Accessing the exports of an instance are now cached to ensure we
    always hand out the same `HostRef` values.
  * `wasm_*_t` for external values no longer have internal cache,
    instead they all wrap `wasm_external_t` and have an unchecked
    accessor for the underlying variant (since the type is proof that
    it's there). This makes casting back and forth much more trivial.

This is all related to #708 and while there's still more work to be done
in terms of documentation, this is the major bulk of the rest of the
implementation work on #708 I believe.

* More API updates

* Run rustfmt

* Fix a doc test

* More test updates
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Wasmtime: a WebAssembly Runtime

A Bytecode Alliance project

Wasmtime is a standalone wasm-only optimizing runtime for WebAssembly and WASI. It runs WebAssembly code outside of the Web, and can be used both as a command-line utility or as a library embedded in a larger application.

To get started, visit wasmtime.dev.

build-status gitter-chat-badge minimum-rustc

There are Rust, C, and C++ toolchains that can compile programs with WASI. See the WASI intro for more information, and the WASI tutorial for a tutorial on compiling and running programs using WASI and wasmtime, as well as an overview of the filesystem sandboxing system.

Wasmtime passes the WebAssembly spec testsuite. To run it, update the tests/spec_testsuite submodule with git submodule update --remote, and it will be run as part of cargo test.

Wasmtime does not yet implement Spectre mitigations, however this is a subject of ongoing research.

Additional goals for Wasmtime include:

  • Support a variety of host APIs (not just WASI), with fast calling sequences, and develop proposals for additional API modules to be part of WASI.
  • Facilitate development and testing around the Cranelift and Lightbeam JITs, and other WebAssembly execution strategies.
  • Develop a native ABI used for compiling WebAssembly suitable for use in both JIT and AOT to native object files.

Including Wasmtime in your project

Wasmtime exposes an API for embedding as a library through the wasmtime subcrate, which contains both a high-level and safe Rust API, as well as a C-compatible API compatible with the proposed WebAssembly C API.

For more information, see the Rust API embedding chapter of the Wasmtime documentation.

It's Wasmtime.

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