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format: Format instructions with Intel syntax

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This commit is contained in:
Alexis Engelke
2021-01-03 17:59:36 +01:00
parent d8c7ee94b7
commit 44808e7b1a
4 changed files with 625 additions and 297 deletions
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17
fadec.h
View File

@@ -135,7 +135,24 @@ int fd_decode(const uint8_t* buf, size_t len, int mode, uintptr_t address,
**/
void fd_format(const FdInstr* instr, char* buf, size_t len);
/** Format an instruction to a string.
* NOTE: API stability is currently not guaranteed for this function; its name
* and/or signature may change in future.
*
* \param instr The instruction.
* \param addr The base address to use for printing FD_OT_OFF operands.
* \param buf The buffer to hold the formatted string.
* \param len The length of the buffer.
**/
void fd_format_abs(const FdInstr* instr, uint64_t addr, char* buf, size_t len);
/** Get the stringified name of an instruction type.
* NOTE: API stability is currently not guaranteed for this function; changes
* to the signature and/or the returned string can be expected. E.g., a future
* version may take an extra parameter for the instruction operand size; or may
* take a complete decoded instruction as first parameter and return the
* mnemonic returned by fd_format.
*
* \param ty An instruction type
* \return The instruction type as string, or "(invalid)".
**/

360
format.c
View File

@@ -2,11 +2,70 @@
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fadec.h>
static const char*
reg_name(unsigned rt, unsigned ri, unsigned size)
{
unsigned max;
const char (* table)[6];
#define TABLE(name, ...) \
case name: { \
static const char tab[][6] = { __VA_ARGS__ }; \
table = tab; max = sizeof(tab) / sizeof(*tab); \
break; \
}
switch (rt) {
default: return "(inv-ty)";
case FD_RT_GPL:
switch (size) {
default: return "(inv-sz)";
TABLE(1,
"al","cl","dl","bl","spl","bpl","sil","dil",
"r8b","r9b","r10b","r11b","r12b","r13b","r14b","r15b")
TABLE(2,
"ax","cx","dx","bx","sp","bp","si","di",
"r8w","r9w","r10w","r11w","r12w","r13w","r14w","r15w","ip")
TABLE(4,
"eax","ecx","edx","ebx","esp","ebp","esi","edi",
"r8d","r9d","r10d","r11d","r12d","r13d","r14d","r15d","eip")
TABLE(8,
"rax","rcx","rdx","rbx","rsp","rbp","rsi","rdi",
"r8","r9","r10","r11","r12","r13","r14","r15","rip")
}
break;
TABLE(FD_RT_GPH, "(inv)","(inv)","(inv)","(inv)","ah","ch","dh","bh")
TABLE(FD_RT_SEG, "es","cs","ss","ds","fs","gs")
TABLE(FD_RT_FPU, "st(0)","st(1)","st(2)","st(3)","st(4)","st(5)","st(6)","st(7)")
TABLE(FD_RT_MMX, "mm0","mm1","mm2","mm3","mm4","mm5","mm6","mm7")
TABLE(FD_RT_CR, "cr0","(inv)","cr2","cr3","cr4","(inv)","(inv)","(inv)","cr8")
TABLE(FD_RT_DR, "dr0","dr1","dr2","dr3","dr4","dr5","dr6","dr7")
case FD_RT_VEC:
switch (size) {
default: return "(inv-sz)";
case 1:
case 2:
case 4:
case 8:
TABLE(16,
"xmm0","xmm1","xmm2","xmm3","xmm4","xmm5","xmm6","xmm7",
"xmm8","xmm9","xmm10","xmm11","xmm12","xmm13","xmm14","xmm15")
TABLE(32,
"ymm0","ymm1","ymm2","ymm3","ymm4","ymm5","ymm6","ymm7",
"ymm8","ymm9","ymm10","ymm11","ymm12","ymm13","ymm14","ymm15")
}
break;
}
return ri < max ? table[ri] : "(inv-idx)";
}
#define FD_DECODE_TABLE_STRTAB1
static const char* _mnemonic_str =
#include <fadec-table.inc>
@@ -19,6 +78,27 @@ static const uint16_t _mnemonic_offs[] = {
};
#undef FD_DECODE_TABLE_STRTAB2
static char*
fd_strplcpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t size)
{
while (*src && size > 1)
*dst++ = *src++, size--;
if (size)
*dst = 0;
return dst;
}
static char*
fd_format_hex(uint64_t val, char buf[static 17]) {
unsigned idx = 17;
buf[--idx] = 0;
do {
buf[--idx] = "0123456789abcdef"[val % 16];
val /= 16;
} while (val);
return &buf[idx];
}
const char*
fdi_name(FdInstrType ty) {
if (ty >= sizeof(_mnemonic_offs) / sizeof(_mnemonic_offs[0]))
@@ -26,102 +106,236 @@ fdi_name(FdInstrType ty) {
return &_mnemonic_str[_mnemonic_offs[ty]];
}
#define FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, ...) do { \
buf += snprintf(buf, end - buf, __VA_ARGS__); \
if (buf > end) \
buf = end; \
} while (0)
void
fd_format(const FdInstr* instr, char* buffer, size_t len)
{
fd_format_abs(instr, 0, buffer, len);
}
void
fd_format_abs(const FdInstr* instr, uint64_t addr, char* buffer, size_t len)
{
char tmp[21];
char* buf = buffer;
char* end = buffer + len;
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "[");
if (FD_HAS_REP(instr))
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "rep:");
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "rep ", end-buf);
if (FD_HAS_REPNZ(instr))
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "repnz:");
if (FD_SEGMENT(instr) < 6)
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "%cs:", "ecsdfg"[FD_SEGMENT(instr)]);
if (FD_IS64(instr) && FD_ADDRSIZE(instr) == 4)
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "addr32:");
if (!FD_IS64(instr) && FD_ADDRSIZE(instr) == 2)
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "addr16:");
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "repnz ", end-buf);
if (FD_HAS_LOCK(instr))
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "lock:");
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "lock ", end-buf);
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "%s", fdi_name(FD_TYPE(instr)));
if (FD_OPSIZE(instr))
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "_%u", FD_OPSIZE(instr));
const char* mnemonic = fdi_name(FD_TYPE(instr));
bool prefix_addrsize = false;
bool prefix_segment = false;
char sizesuffix[3] = {0, 0, 0};
switch (FD_OPSIZE(instr)) {
default: break;
case 1: sizesuffix[0] = 'b'; break;
case 2: sizesuffix[0] = 'w'; break;
case 4: sizesuffix[0] = 'd'; break;
case 8: sizesuffix[0] = 'q'; break;
}
if (FD_OP_TYPE(instr, 0) == FD_OT_OFF && FD_OP_SIZE(instr, 0) == 2)
sizesuffix[0] = 'w';
switch (FD_TYPE(instr)) {
case FDI_C_SEP:
switch (FD_OPSIZE(instr)) {
default: break;
case 2: mnemonic = "cwd"; break;
case 4: mnemonic = "cdq"; break;
case 8: mnemonic = "cqo"; break;
}
sizesuffix[0] = 0;
break;
case FDI_C_EX:
switch (FD_OPSIZE(instr)) {
default: break;
case 2: mnemonic = "cbw"; break;
case 4: mnemonic = "cwde"; break;
case 8: mnemonic = "cdqe"; break;
}
sizesuffix[0] = 0;
break;
case FDI_CMPXCHGD:
switch (FD_OPSIZE(instr)) {
default: break;
case 4: mnemonic = "cmpxchg8b"; break;
case 8: mnemonic = "cmpxchg16b"; break;
}
sizesuffix[0] = 0;
break;
case FDI_JCXZ:
switch (FD_ADDRSIZE(instr)) {
default: break;
case 4: mnemonic = "jecxz"; break;
case 8: mnemonic = "jrcxz"; break;
}
break;
case FDI_ENTER:
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, mnemonic, end-buf);
if (FD_OPSIZE(instr) == 2)
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "w", end-buf);
char* fmt = fd_format_hex(FD_OP_IMM(instr, 0) & 0xffff, tmp + 3);
*--fmt = 'x';
*--fmt = '0';
*--fmt = ' ';
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, fmt, end-buf);
fmt = fd_format_hex(FD_OP_IMM(instr, 0) >> 16, tmp + 4);
*--fmt = 'x';
*--fmt = '0';
*--fmt = ' ';
*--fmt = ',';
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, fmt, end-buf);
return;
case FDI_PUSH:
if (FD_OP_SIZE(instr, 0) == 2 && FD_OP_TYPE(instr, 0) == FD_OT_IMM)
sizesuffix[0] = 'w';
// FALLTHROUGH
case FDI_POP:
if (FD_OP_SIZE(instr, 0) == 2 && FD_OP_TYPE(instr, 0) == FD_OT_REG &&
FD_OP_REG_TYPE(instr, 0) == FD_RT_SEG)
sizesuffix[0] = 'w';
break;
case FDI_FXSAVE:
case FDI_FXRSTOR:
case FDI_XSAVE:
case FDI_XSAVEC:
case FDI_XSAVEOPT:
case FDI_XSAVES:
case FDI_XRSTOR:
case FDI_XRSTORS:
if (FD_OPSIZE(instr) == 8)
sizesuffix[0] = '6', sizesuffix[1] = '4';
else
sizesuffix[0] = 0;
break;
case FDI_RET:
case FDI_LEAVE:
if (FD_OPSIZE(instr) == (FD_IS64(instr) ? 8 : 4))
sizesuffix[0] = 0;
break;
case FDI_LODS:
case FDI_MOVS:
case FDI_CMPS:
case FDI_OUTS:
prefix_segment = true;
// FALLTHROUGH
case FDI_STOS:
case FDI_SCAS:
case FDI_INS:
prefix_addrsize = true;
break;
default: break;
}
if (prefix_addrsize) {
if (FD_IS64(instr) && FD_ADDRSIZE(instr) == 4)
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "addr32 ", end-buf);
if (!FD_IS64(instr) && FD_ADDRSIZE(instr) == 2)
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "addr16 ", end-buf);
}
if (prefix_segment && FD_SEGMENT(instr) != FD_REG_NONE) {
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, reg_name(FD_RT_SEG, FD_SEGMENT(instr), 2), end-buf);
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, " ", end-buf);
}
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, mnemonic, end-buf);
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, sizesuffix, end-buf);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
FdOpType op_type = FD_OP_TYPE(instr, i);
if (op_type == FD_OT_NONE)
break;
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, ", " + (i == 0), end-buf);
const char* op_type_name = &"reg\0imm\0mem\0off"[op_type * 4] - 4;
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, " %s%u:", op_type_name, FD_OP_SIZE(instr, i));
unsigned size = FD_OP_SIZE(instr, i);
switch (op_type)
{
size_t immediate;
bool has_base;
bool has_idx;
bool has_disp;
case FD_OT_REG:
if (FD_OP_REG_HIGH(instr, i))
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "r%uh", FD_OP_REG(instr, i) - 4);
else
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "r%u", FD_OP_REG(instr, i));
break;
case FD_OT_OFF:
if (FD_OP_SIZE(instr, i) == 2)
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "ip+");
else if (FD_OP_SIZE(instr, i) == 4)
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "eip+");
else if (FD_OP_SIZE(instr, i) == 8)
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "rip+");
// fallthrough
case FD_OT_IMM:
immediate = FD_OP_IMM(instr, i);
if (op_type == FD_OT_REG) {
unsigned type = FD_OP_REG_TYPE(instr, i);
unsigned idx = FD_OP_REG(instr, i);
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, reg_name(type, idx, size), end-buf);
} else if (op_type == FD_OT_MEM) {
if (FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_CMPXCHGD)
size = 2 * FD_OPSIZE(instr);
else if (FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_BOUND)
size *= 2;
else if (FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_JMPF || FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_CALLF
|| FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_LDS || FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_LES
|| FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_LFS || FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_LGS
|| FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_LSS)
size = 6;
else if (!size && (FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_FLD ||
FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_FSTP ||
FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_FBLD ||
FD_TYPE(instr) == FDI_FBSTP))
size = 10;
switch (size) {
default: break;
case 1: buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "byte ptr ", end-buf); break;
case 2: buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "word ptr ", end-buf); break;
case 4: buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "dword ptr ", end-buf); break;
case 6: buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "fword ptr ", end-buf); break;
case 8: buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "qword ptr ", end-buf); break;
case 10: buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "tbyte ptr ", end-buf); break;
case 16: buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "xmmword ptr ", end-buf); break;
case 32: buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "ymmword ptr ", end-buf); break;
}
unsigned seg = FD_SEGMENT(instr);
if (seg != FD_REG_NONE) {
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, reg_name(FD_RT_SEG, seg, 2), end-buf);
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, ":", end-buf);
}
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "[", end-buf);
bool has_base = FD_OP_BASE(instr, i) != FD_REG_NONE;
bool has_idx = FD_OP_INDEX(instr, i) != FD_REG_NONE;
if (has_base)
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, reg_name(FD_RT_GPL, FD_OP_BASE(instr, i), FD_ADDRSIZE(instr)), end-buf);
if (has_idx) {
if (has_base)
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "+", end-buf);
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "1*\0002*\0004*\0008*" + 3*FD_OP_SCALE(instr, i), end-buf);
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, reg_name(FD_RT_GPL, FD_OP_INDEX(instr, i), FD_ADDRSIZE(instr)), end-buf);
}
uint64_t disp = FD_OP_DISP(instr, i);
if (disp && (has_base || has_idx)) {
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, (int64_t) disp < 0 ? "-" : "+", end-buf);
if ((int64_t) disp < 0)
disp = -disp;
}
if (FD_ADDRSIZE(instr) == 2)
disp &= 0xffff;
else if (FD_ADDRSIZE(instr) == 4)
disp &= 0xffffffff;
if (disp || (!has_base && !has_idx)) {
char* fmt = fd_format_hex(disp, tmp + 2);
*--fmt = 'x';
*--fmt = '0';
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, fmt, end-buf);
}
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, "]", end-buf);
} else if (op_type == FD_OT_IMM || op_type == FD_OT_OFF) {
size_t immediate = FD_OP_IMM(instr, i);
if (op_type == FD_OT_OFF)
immediate += addr + FD_SIZE(instr);
if (FD_OP_SIZE(instr, i) == 1)
immediate &= 0xff;
else if (FD_OP_SIZE(instr, i) == 2)
immediate &= 0xffff;
else if (FD_OP_SIZE(instr, i) == 4)
immediate &= 0xffffffff;
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "0x%lx", immediate);
break;
case FD_OT_MEM:
has_base = FD_OP_BASE(instr, i) != FD_REG_NONE;
has_idx = FD_OP_INDEX(instr, i) != FD_REG_NONE;
has_disp = FD_OP_DISP(instr, i) != 0;
if (has_base)
{
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "r%u", FD_OP_BASE(instr, i));
if (has_idx || has_disp)
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "+");
}
if (has_idx)
{
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "%u*r%u", 1 << FD_OP_SCALE(instr, i),
FD_OP_INDEX(instr, i));
if (has_disp)
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "+");
}
if (FD_OP_DISP(instr, i) < 0)
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "-0x%lx", -FD_OP_DISP(instr, i));
else if (has_disp || (!has_base && !has_idx))
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "0x%lx", FD_OP_DISP(instr, i));
break;
case FD_OT_NONE:
default:
break;
char* fmt = fd_format_hex(immediate, tmp + 2);
*--fmt = 'x';
*--fmt = '0';
buf = fd_strplcpy(buf, fmt, end-buf);
}
}
FMT_CONCAT(buf, end, "]");
}

9
parseinstrs.py
View File

@@ -639,12 +639,19 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
table.deduplicate()
table_data, annotations, root_offsets, descs = table.compile()
mnemonics_intel = [m.replace("SSE_", "").replace("MMX_", "")
.replace("MOVABS", "MOV")
.replace("JMPF", "JMP FAR").replace("CALLF", "CALL FAR")
.replace("_S2G", "").replace("_G2S", "")
.replace("_CR", "").replace("_DR", "")
.lower() for m in mnemonics]
defines = ["FD_TABLE_OFFSET_%d %d"%k for k in zip(args.modes, root_offsets)]
decode_table = template.format(
hex_table=bytes_to_table(table_data, annotations),
descs="\n".join("{{{0},{1},{2},{3}}},".format(*desc) for desc in descs),
mnemonics=parse_mnemonics(mnemonics),
mnemonics=parse_mnemonics(mnemonics_intel),
defines="\n".join("#define " + line for line in defines),
)
args.decode_table.write(decode_table)

536
tests/test_decode.c
View File

@@ -56,294 +56,384 @@ main(int argc, char** argv)
int failed = 0;
TEST("\x90", "[NOP]");
TEST("\x90", "[NOP]");
TEST32("\x2e\x90", "[cs:NOP]");
TEST64("\x2e\x90", "[NOP]");
TEST32("\x2e\x2e\x90", "[cs:NOP]");
TEST64("\x2e\x2e\x90", "[NOP]");
TEST32("\x2e\x26\x90", "[es:NOP]");
TEST64("\x2e\x26\x90", "[NOP]");
TEST32("\x26\x2e\x90", "[cs:NOP]");
TEST64("\x26\x2e\x90", "[NOP]");
TEST32("\x26\x65\x90", "[gs:NOP]");
TEST64("\x26\x65\x90", "[gs:NOP]");
TEST32("\x65\x26\x90", "[es:NOP]");
TEST64("\x65\x26\x90", "[gs:NOP]");
TEST("\x0f\x10\xc1", "[SSE_MOVUPS reg16:r0 reg16:r1]");
TEST("\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "[SSE_MOVUPD reg16:r0 reg16:r1]");
TEST("\xf2\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "[SSE_MOVSD reg16:r0 reg8:r1]");
TEST("\xf3\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "[SSE_MOVSS reg16:r0 reg4:r1]");
TEST("\xf3\xf2\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "[SSE_MOVSD reg16:r0 reg8:r1]");
TEST("\xf2\x66\xf3\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "[SSE_MOVSS reg16:r0 reg4:r1]");
TEST64("\x48\x90", "[NOP]");
TEST64("\x49\x90", "[XCHG reg8:r8 reg8:r0]");
TEST64("\x48\x91", "[XCHG reg8:r1 reg8:r0]");
TEST64("\x48\x26\x91", "[XCHG reg4:r1 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x66\x90", "[NOP]");
TEST("\x0f\xc7\x0f", "[CMPXCHGD_4 mem0:r7]");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xc7\x0f", "[CMPXCHGD_8 mem0:r7]");
TEST("\x90", "nop");
TEST("\xac", "lodsb");
TEST32("\x2e\xac", "cs lodsb");
TEST64("\x2e\xac", "lodsb");
TEST32("\x2e\x2e\xac", "cs lodsb");
TEST64("\x2e\x2e\xac", "lodsb");
TEST32("\x2e\x26\xac", "es lodsb");
TEST64("\x2e\x26\xac", "lodsb");
TEST32("\x26\x2e\xac", "cs lodsb");
TEST64("\x26\x2e\xac", "lodsb");
TEST32("\x26\x65\xac", "gs lodsb");
TEST64("\x26\x65\xac", "gs lodsb");
TEST32("\x65\x26\xac", "es lodsb");
TEST64("\x65\x26\xac", "gs lodsb");
TEST("\x0f\x10\xc1", "movups xmm0, xmm1");
TEST("\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "movupd xmm0, xmm1");
TEST("\xf2\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "movsd xmm0, xmm1");
TEST("\xf3\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "movss xmm0, xmm1");
TEST("\xf3\xf2\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "movsd xmm0, xmm1");
TEST("\xf2\x66\xf3\x66\x0f\x10\xc1", "movss xmm0, xmm1");
TEST64("\x48\x90", "nop");
TEST64("\x49\x90", "xchg r8, rax");
TEST64("\x48\x91", "xchg rcx, rax");
TEST64("\x48\x26\x91", "xchg ecx, eax");
TEST64("\x66\x90", "nop");
TEST32("\x0f\xc7\x0f", "cmpxchg8b qword ptr [edi]");
TEST64("\x0f\xc7\x0f", "cmpxchg8b qword ptr [rdi]");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xc7\x0f", "cmpxchg16b xmmword ptr [rdi]");
TEST("\x66", "PARTIAL");
TEST("\x0f", "PARTIAL");
TEST("\x0f\x38", "PARTIAL");
TEST("\x0f\x3a", "PARTIAL");
TEST("\x80", "PARTIAL");
TEST("\x0F\x01\x22", "[SMSW mem2:r2]");
TEST64("\x48\x0F\x01\x22", "[SMSW mem2:r2]");
TEST("\x66\x0F\x01\x22", "[SMSW mem2:r2]");
TEST("\x0F\x01\xE2", "[SMSW reg4:r2]");
TEST("\x66\x0F\x01\xE2", "[SMSW reg2:r2]");
TEST64("\x66\x48\x0F\x01\xE2", "[SMSW reg8:r2]");
TEST32("\x66\x0f\x20\x00", "[MOV_CR reg4:r0 reg0:r0]"); // mod=0, 66h
TEST64("\x66\x0f\x20\x00", "[MOV_CR reg8:r0 reg0:r0]"); // mod=0, 66h
TEST32("\x0F\x01\x22", "smsw word ptr [edx]");
TEST64("\x0F\x01\x22", "smsw word ptr [rdx]");
TEST64("\x48\x0F\x01\x22", "smsw word ptr [rdx]");
TEST32("\x66\x0F\x01\x22", "smsw word ptr [edx]");
TEST64("\x66\x0F\x01\x22", "smsw word ptr [rdx]");
TEST("\x0F\x01\xE2", "smsw edx");
TEST("\x66\x0F\x01\xE2", "smsw dx");
TEST64("\x66\x48\x0F\x01\xE2", "smsw rdx");
TEST32("\x66\x0f\x20\x00", "mov eax, cr0"); // mod=0, 66h
TEST64("\x66\x0f\x20\x00", "mov rax, cr0"); // mod=0, 66h
TEST("\x0f\x20\xc8", "UD"); // cr1
TEST32("\x0f\x20\xd0", "[MOV_CR reg4:r0 reg0:r2]"); // cr2
TEST64("\x0f\x20\xd0", "[MOV_CR reg8:r0 reg0:r2]"); // cr2
TEST64("\x48\x0f\x20\xd0", "[MOV_CR reg8:r0 reg0:r2]"); // cr2 + REX.W
TEST32("\x0f\x20\xd0", "mov eax, cr2"); // cr2
TEST64("\x0f\x20\xd0", "mov rax, cr2"); // cr2
TEST64("\x48\x0f\x20\xd0", "mov rax, cr2"); // cr2 + REX.W
TEST64("\x44\x0f\x20\x08", "UD"); // cr9
TEST64("\x44\x0f\x21\x00", "UD"); // dr8
TEST("\x8c\xc0", "[MOV_S2G reg2:r0 reg2:r0]");
TEST64("\x44\x8c\xc0", "[MOV_S2G reg2:r0 reg2:r0]");
TEST("\x8c\xc0", "mov ax, es");
TEST64("\x44\x8c\xc0", "mov ax, es");
TEST64("\x44\x8c\xf0", "UD"); // no segment register 6
TEST64("\x44\x8c\xf8", "UD"); // no segment register 7
TEST("\x8e\xc0", "[MOV_G2S reg2:r0 reg2:r0]");
TEST("\x8e\xc0", "mov es, ax");
TEST("\x8e\xc8", "UD"); // No mov cs, eax
TEST("\xd8\xc1", "[FADD reg0:r0 reg0:r1]");
TEST("\xdc\xc1", "[FADD reg0:r1 reg0:r0]");
TEST64("\x41\xd8\xc1", "[FADD reg0:r0 reg0:r1]"); // REX.B ignored
TEST64("\xd9\xc9", "[FXCH reg0:r1]");
TEST64("\xd9\xd0", "[FNOP]");
TEST64("\x41\xdf\xe0", "[FSTSW reg2:r0]");
TEST("\xd8\xc1", "fadd st(0), st(1)");
TEST("\xdc\xc1", "fadd st(1), st(0)");
TEST64("\x41\xd8\xc1", "fadd st(0), st(1)"); // REX.B ignored
TEST64("\xd9\xc9", "fxch st(1)");
TEST64("\xd9\xd0", "fnop");
TEST64("\x41\xdf\xe0", "fstsw ax");
// ModRM Test cases
// reg
TEST("\x01\xc0", "[ADD reg4:r0 reg4:r0]");
TEST("\x01\xc1", "[ADD reg4:r1 reg4:r0]");
TEST("\x01\xd0", "[ADD reg4:r0 reg4:r2]");
TEST("\x01\xff", "[ADD reg4:r7 reg4:r7]");
TEST64("\x41\x01\xd0", "[ADD reg4:r8 reg4:r2]");
TEST64("\x45\x01\xd0", "[ADD reg4:r8 reg4:r10]");
TEST64("\x45\x01\xff", "[ADD reg4:r15 reg4:r15]");
TEST("\x01\xc0", "add eax, eax");
TEST("\x01\xc1", "add ecx, eax");
TEST("\x01\xd0", "add eax, edx");
TEST("\x01\xff", "add edi, edi");
TEST64("\x41\x01\xd0", "add r8d, edx");
TEST64("\x45\x01\xd0", "add r8d, r10d");
TEST64("\x45\x01\xff", "add r15d, r15d");
// [reg]
TEST("\x01\x00", "[ADD mem4:r0 reg4:r0]");
TEST("\x01\x08", "[ADD mem4:r0 reg4:r1]");
TEST("\x01\x01", "[ADD mem4:r1 reg4:r0]");
TEST("\x01\x07", "[ADD mem4:r7 reg4:r0]");
TEST("\x01\x38", "[ADD mem4:r0 reg4:r7]");
TEST("\x01\x04\x24", "[ADD mem4:r4 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x00", "[ADD mem4:r8 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x44\x01\x08", "[ADD mem4:r0 reg4:r9]");
TEST64("\x45\x01\x00", "[ADD mem4:r8 reg4:r8]");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x07", "[ADD mem4:r15 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x04\x24", "[ADD mem4:r12 reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\x01\x00", "add dword ptr [eax], eax");
TEST64("\x01\x00", "add dword ptr [rax], eax");
TEST32("\x01\x08", "add dword ptr [eax], ecx");
TEST64("\x01\x08", "add dword ptr [rax], ecx");
TEST32("\x01\x01", "add dword ptr [ecx], eax");
TEST64("\x01\x01", "add dword ptr [rcx], eax");
TEST32("\x01\x07", "add dword ptr [edi], eax");
TEST64("\x01\x07", "add dword ptr [rdi], eax");
TEST32("\x01\x38", "add dword ptr [eax], edi");
TEST64("\x01\x38", "add dword ptr [rax], edi");
TEST32("\x01\x04\x24", "add dword ptr [esp], eax");
TEST64("\x01\x04\x24", "add dword ptr [rsp], eax");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x00", "add dword ptr [r8], eax");
TEST64("\x44\x01\x08", "add dword ptr [rax], r9d");
TEST64("\x45\x01\x00", "add dword ptr [r8], r8d");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x07", "add dword ptr [r15], eax");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x04\x24", "add dword ptr [r12], eax");
// [disp32]
TEST32("\x01\x05\x01\x00\x00\x00", "[ADD mem4:0x1 reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\x01\x05\xff\xff\xff\xff", "[ADD mem4:-0x1 reg4:r0]");
TEST("\x01\x04\x25\x01\x00\x00\x00", "[ADD mem4:0x1 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x04\x25\x01\x00\x00\x00", "[ADD mem4:0x1 reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\x01\x05\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [0x1], eax");
TEST32("\x01\x05\xff\xff\xff\xff", "add dword ptr [0xffffffff], eax");
TEST("\x01\x04\x25\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [0x1], eax");
TEST32("\x01\x04\x25\x00\x00\x00\x80", "add dword ptr [0x80000000], eax");
TEST64("\x01\x04\x25\x00\x00\x00\x80", "add dword ptr [0xffffffff80000000], eax");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x04\x25\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [0x1], eax");
// [rip+disp32]
TEST64("\x01\x05\x01\x00\x00\x00", "[ADD mem4:r16+0x1 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x05\x01\x00\x00\x00", "[ADD mem4:r16+0x1 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x01\x05\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [rip+0x1], eax");
TEST64("\x41\x01\x05\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [rip+0x1], eax");
// [reg+disp32]
TEST("\x01\x80\x01\x00\x00\x00", "[ADD mem4:r0+0x1 reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\x01\x80\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [eax+0x1], eax");
TEST64("\x01\x80\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [rax+0x1], eax");
TEST32("\x01\x80\x00\x00\x00\x80", "add dword ptr [eax-0x80000000], eax");
TEST64("\x01\x80\x00\x00\x00\x80", "add dword ptr [rax-0x80000000], eax");
// [reg+eiz+disp32]
TEST("\x01\x84\x25\x01\x00\x00\x00", "[ADD mem4:r5+0x1 reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\x01\x84\x25\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [ebp+0x1], eax");
TEST64("\x01\x84\x25\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [rbp+0x1], eax");
// [reg+s*reg+disp32]
TEST64("\x42\x01\x84\x25\x01\x00\x00\x00", "[ADD mem4:r5+1*r12+0x1 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x42\x01\x84\x25\x01\x00\x00\x00", "add dword ptr [rbp+1*r12+0x1], eax");
TEST("\x04\x01", "[ADD reg1:r0 imm1:0x1]");
TEST("\x66\x68\xff\xad", "[PUSH imm2:0xadff]");
TEST32("\x68\xff\xad\x90\xbc", "[PUSH imm4:0xbc90adff]");
TEST64("\x68\xff\xad\x90\xbc", "[PUSH imm8:0xffffffffbc90adff]");
TEST("\x66\x6a\xff", "[PUSH imm2:0xffff]");
TEST32("\x6a\xff", "[PUSH imm4:0xffffffff]");
TEST64("\x6a\xff", "[PUSH imm8:0xffffffffffffffff]");
TEST("\xb0\xf0", "[MOVABS reg1:r0 imm1:0xf0]");
TEST("\xb8\xf0\xf0\xab\xff", "[MOVABS reg4:r0 imm4:0xffabf0f0]");
TEST64("\x48\xb8\xf0\xf0\xab\xff\x00\x12\x12\xcd", "[MOVABS reg8:r0 imm8:0xcd121200ffabf0f0]");
TEST64("\xcd\x80", "[INT imm1:0x80]");
TEST("\x04\x01", "add al, 0x1");
TEST("\x66\x68\xff\xad", "pushw 0xadff");
TEST32("\x68\xff\xad\x90\xbc", "push 0xbc90adff");
TEST64("\x68\xff\xad\x90\xbc", "push 0xffffffffbc90adff");
TEST("\x66\x6a\xff", "pushw 0xffff");
TEST32("\x6a\xff", "push 0xffffffff");
TEST64("\x6a\xff", "push 0xffffffffffffffff");
TEST("\xb0\xf0", "mov al, 0xf0");
TEST("\x66\xb8\xf0\xf0", "mov ax, 0xf0f0");
TEST("\xb8\xf0\xf0\xab\xff", "mov eax, 0xffabf0f0");
TEST64("\x48\xb8\xf0\xf0\xab\xff\x00\x12\x12\xcd", "mov rax, 0xcd121200ffabf0f0");
TEST64("\xcd\x80", "int 0x80");
TEST("\x66\xc8\x00\x00\x00", "[ENTER_2 imm4:0x0]");
TEST("\x66\xc8\x00\x0f\x00", "[ENTER_2 imm4:0xf00]");
TEST("\x66\xc8\x00\x00\x01", "[ENTER_2 imm4:0x10000]");
TEST32("\xc8\x00\x00\x00", "[ENTER_4 imm4:0x0]");
TEST32("\xc8\x00\x0f\x00", "[ENTER_4 imm4:0xf00]");
TEST32("\xc8\x00\x00\x01", "[ENTER_4 imm4:0x10000]");
TEST64("\xc8\x00\x00\x00", "[ENTER_8 imm4:0x0]");
TEST64("\xc8\x00\x0f\x00", "[ENTER_8 imm4:0xf00]");
TEST64("\xc8\x00\x00\x01", "[ENTER_8 imm4:0x10000]");
TEST("\x66\xc8\x00\x00\x00", "enterw 0x0, 0x0");
TEST("\x66\xc8\x00\x0f\x00", "enterw 0xf00, 0x0");
TEST("\x66\xc8\x00\x00\x01", "enterw 0x0, 0x1");
TEST32("\xc8\x00\x00\x00", "enter 0x0, 0x0");
TEST32("\xc8\x00\x0f\x00", "enter 0xf00, 0x0");
TEST32("\xc8\x00\x00\x01", "enter 0x0, 0x1");
TEST64("\xc8\x00\x00\x00", "enter 0x0, 0x0");
TEST64("\xc8\x00\x0f\x00", "enter 0xf00, 0x0");
TEST64("\xc8\x00\x00\x01", "enter 0x0, 0x1");
TEST64("\xd3\xe0", "[SHL reg4:r0 reg1:r1]");
TEST64("\x0f\xa5\xd0", "[SHLD reg4:r0 reg4:r2 reg1:r1]");
TEST64("\xd3\xe0", "shl eax, cl");
TEST64("\xd0\x3e", "sar byte ptr [rsi], 0x1");
TEST64("\x0f\xa5\xd0", "shld eax, edx, cl");
TEST("\x69\xC7\x08\x01\x00\x00", "[IMUL reg4:r0 reg4:r7 imm4:0x108]");
TEST("\x6B\xC7\x08", "[IMUL reg4:r0 reg4:r7 imm4:0x8]");
TEST("\x69\xC7\x08\x01\x00\x00", "imul eax, edi, 0x108");
TEST("\x6B\xC7\x08", "imul eax, edi, 0x8");
TEST("\x0f\x38\xf0\xd1", "UD"); // MOVBE doesn't allow register moves
TEST("\x0f\x38\xf0\x11", "[MOVBE reg4:r2 mem4:r1]");
TEST("\x66\x0f\x38\xf0\x11", "[MOVBE reg2:r2 mem2:r1]");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\x38\xf0\x01", "[MOVBE reg8:r0 mem8:r1]");
TEST("\xf2\x0f\x38\xf0\xd1", "[CRC32 reg4:r2 reg1:r1]");
TEST("\xf2\x66\x0f\x38\xf1\xd1", "[CRC32 reg4:r2 reg2:r1]");
TEST("\xf2\x0f\x38\xf1\xd1", "[CRC32 reg4:r2 reg4:r1]");
TEST64("\xf2\x48\x0f\x38\xf1\xd1", "[CRC32 reg4:r2 reg8:r1]");
TEST64("\xf2\x4c\x0f\x38\xf1\xd1", "[CRC32 reg4:r10 reg8:r1]");
TEST32("\x0f\x38\xf0\x11", "movbe edx, dword ptr [ecx]");
TEST64("\x0f\x38\xf0\x11", "movbe edx, dword ptr [rcx]");
TEST32("\x66\x0f\x38\xf0\x11", "movbe dx, word ptr [ecx]");
TEST64("\x66\x0f\x38\xf0\x11", "movbe dx, word ptr [rcx]");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\x38\xf0\x01", "movbe rax, qword ptr [rcx]");
TEST("\xf2\x0f\x38\xf0\xd1", "crc32 edx, cl");
TEST("\xf2\x66\x0f\x38\xf1\xd1", "crc32 edx, cx");
TEST("\xf2\x0f\x38\xf1\xd1", "crc32 edx, ecx");
TEST64("\xf2\x48\x0f\x38\xf1\xd1", "crc32 edx, rcx");
TEST64("\xf2\x4c\x0f\x38\xf1\xd1", "crc32 r10d, rcx");
TEST("\x8d\x00", "[LEA reg4:r0 mem0:r0]");
TEST32("\x8d\x00", "lea eax, [eax]");
TEST64("\x8d\x00", "lea eax, [rax]");
TEST("\x8d\xc0", "UD");
TEST32("\x40", "[INC reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\x43", "[INC reg4:r3]");
TEST32("\x66\x47", "[INC reg2:r7]");
TEST("\xfe\xc0", "[INC reg1:r0]");
TEST("\xfe\xc4", "[INC reg1:r0h]");
TEST("\xff\xc0", "[INC reg4:r0]");
TEST("\xff\xc4", "[INC reg4:r4]");
TEST("\xff\x00", "[INC mem4:r0]");
TEST("\xf0\xff\x00", "[lock:INC mem4:r0]");
TEST("\x66\xff\xc0", "[INC reg2:r0]");
TEST("\x66\xff\xc4", "[INC reg2:r4]");
TEST64("\x48\xff\xc0", "[INC reg8:r0]");
TEST64("\x48\xff\xc4", "[INC reg8:r4]");
TEST64("\x49\xff\xc7", "[INC reg8:r15]");
TEST32("\x40", "inc eax");
TEST32("\x43", "inc ebx");
TEST32("\x66\x47", "inc di");
TEST("\xfe\xc0", "inc al");
TEST("\xfe\xc4", "inc ah");
TEST("\xff\xc0", "inc eax");
TEST("\xff\xc4", "inc esp");
TEST32("\xff\x00", "inc dword ptr [eax]");
TEST64("\xff\x00", "inc dword ptr [rax]");
TEST32("\xf0\xff\x00", "lock inc dword ptr [eax]");
TEST64("\xf0\xff\x00", "lock inc dword ptr [rax]");
TEST("\x66\xff\xc0", "inc ax");
TEST("\x66\xff\xc4", "inc sp");
TEST64("\x48\xff\xc0", "inc rax");
TEST64("\x48\xff\xc4", "inc rsp");
TEST64("\x49\xff\xc7", "inc r15");
TEST32("\xe9\x00\x00\x00\x00", "[JMP off4:eip+0x0]");
TEST32("\x66\xe9\x01\x00", "[JMP off2:ip+0x1]");
TEST64("\xe9\x00\x00\x00\x00", "[JMP off8:rip+0x0]");
TEST64("\x66\xe9\x00\x00\x00\x00", "[JMP off8:rip+0x0]");
TEST64("\x66\xeb\x00", "[JMP off8:rip+0x0]");
TEST64("\x66\xeb\xff", "[JMP off8:rip+0xffffffffffffffff]");
TEST32("\xe9\x00\x00\x00\x00", "jmp 0x5");
TEST32("\x66\xe9\x01\x00", "jmpw 0x5");
TEST64("\xe9\x00\x00\x00\x00", "jmp 0x5");
TEST64("\x66\xe9\x00\x00\x00\x00", "jmp 0x6");
TEST64("\x66\xeb\x00", "jmp 0x3");
TEST64("\x66\xeb\xff", "jmp 0x2");
TEST("\x66\xe9\x00", "PARTIAL");
TEST("\x66\xe9", "PARTIAL");
TEST32("\xc7\xf8\xd3\x9c\xff\xff", "[XBEGIN off4:eip+0xffff9cd3]");
TEST32("\x66\xc7\xf8\xd3\x9c", "[XBEGIN off4:eip+0xffff9cd3]");
TEST64("\xc7\xf8\xd3\x9c\xff\xff", "[XBEGIN off8:rip+0xffffffffffff9cd3]");
TEST64("\x66\xc7\xf8\xd3\x9c", "[XBEGIN off8:rip+0xffffffffffff9cd3]");
TEST32("\xc7\xf8\xd3\x9c\xff\xff", "xbegin 0xffff9cd9");
TEST32("\x66\xc7\xf8\xd3\x9c", "xbegin 0xffff9cd8");
TEST64("\xc7\xf8\xd3\x9c\xff\xff", "xbegin 0xffffffffffff9cd9");
TEST64("\x66\xc7\xf8\xd3\x9c", "xbegin 0xffffffffffff9cd8");
TEST("\xa5", "[MOVS_4]");
TEST("\x66\xa5", "[MOVS_2]");
TEST("\xf3\xa5", "[rep:MOVS_4]");
TEST("\xf3\x66\xa5", "[rep:MOVS_2]");
TEST("\xa5", "movsd");
TEST("\x66\xa5", "movsw");
TEST("\xf3\xa5", "rep movsd");
TEST("\xf3\x66\xa5", "rep movsw");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xbe\xc2", "[MOVSX reg2:r0 reg1:r2]");
TEST("\x0f\xbe\xc2", "[MOVSX reg4:r0 reg1:r2]");
TEST("\x0f\xbf\xc2", "[MOVSX reg4:r0 reg2:r2]");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xbf\xc2", "[MOVSX reg8:r0 reg2:r2]");
TEST64("\x48\x63\xc2", "[MOVSX reg8:r0 reg4:r2]");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xbe\xc2", "movsx ax, dl");
TEST("\x0f\xbe\xc2", "movsx eax, dl");
TEST("\x0f\xbf\xc2", "movsx eax, dx");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xbf\xc2", "movsx rax, dx");
TEST64("\x48\x63\xc2", "movsx rax, edx");
TEST32("\x66\xc3", "[RET_2]");
TEST32("\x66\xc2\x00\x00", "[RET_2 imm2:0x0]");
TEST32("\x66\xc2\x0d\x00", "[RET_2 imm2:0xd]");
TEST32("\x66\xc2\x0d\xff", "[RET_2 imm2:0xff0d]");
TEST64("\x66\xc3", "[RET_8]");
TEST64("\x66\xc2\x00\x00", "[RET_8 imm2:0x0]");
TEST64("\x66\xc2\x0d\x00", "[RET_8 imm2:0xd]");
TEST64("\x66\xc2\x0d\xff", "[RET_8 imm2:0xff0d]");
TEST32("\xc3", "[RET_4]");
TEST32("\xc2\x00\x00", "[RET_4 imm2:0x0]");
TEST32("\xc2\x0d\x00", "[RET_4 imm2:0xd]");
TEST32("\xc2\x0d\xff", "[RET_4 imm2:0xff0d]");
TEST64("\xc3", "[RET_8]");
TEST64("\xc2\x00\x00", "[RET_8 imm2:0x0]");
TEST64("\xc2\x0d\x00", "[RET_8 imm2:0xd]");
TEST64("\xc2\x0d\xff", "[RET_8 imm2:0xff0d]");
TEST32("\x66\xc3", "retw");
TEST32("\x66\xc2\x00\x00", "retw 0x0");
TEST32("\x66\xc2\x0d\x00", "retw 0xd");
TEST32("\x66\xc2\x0d\xff", "retw 0xff0d");
TEST64("\x66\xc3", "ret");
TEST64("\x66\xc2\x00\x00", "ret 0x0");
TEST64("\x66\xc2\x0d\x00", "ret 0xd");
TEST64("\x66\xc2\x0d\xff", "ret 0xff0d");
TEST32("\xc3", "ret");
TEST32("\xc2\x00\x00", "ret 0x0");
TEST32("\xc2\x0d\x00", "ret 0xd");
TEST32("\xc2\x0d\xff", "ret 0xff0d");
TEST64("\xc3", "ret");
TEST64("\xc2\x00\x00", "ret 0x0");
TEST64("\xc2\x0d\x00", "ret 0xd");
TEST64("\xc2\x0d\xff", "ret 0xff0d");
// NFx/66+F2/F3 combinations
TEST("\x0f\xc7\xf0", "[RDRAND reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xc7\xf0", "[RDRAND reg8:r0]");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xc7\xf0", "[RDRAND reg2:r0]");
TEST64("\x66\x48\x0f\xc7\xf0", "[RDRAND reg8:r0]");
TEST("\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDSEED reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDSEED reg8:r0]");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDSEED reg2:r0]");
TEST64("\x66\x48\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDSEED reg8:r0]");
TEST32("\xf3\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDPID reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\x66\xf3\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDPID reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\xf3\x66\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDPID reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\xf3\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDPID reg8:r0]");
TEST64("\x66\xf3\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDPID reg8:r0]");
TEST64("\xf3\x66\x0f\xc7\xf8", "[RDPID reg8:r0]");
TEST("\x0f\xc7\xf0", "rdrand eax");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xc7\xf0", "rdrand rax");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xc7\xf0", "rdrand ax");
TEST64("\x66\x48\x0f\xc7\xf0", "rdrand rax");
TEST("\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdseed eax");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdseed rax");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdseed ax");
TEST64("\x66\x48\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdseed rax");
TEST32("\xf3\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdpid eax");
TEST32("\x66\xf3\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdpid eax");
TEST32("\xf3\x66\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdpid eax");
TEST64("\xf3\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdpid rax");
TEST64("\x66\xf3\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdpid rax");
TEST64("\xf3\x66\x0f\xc7\xf8", "rdpid rax");
TEST64("\xf3\x0f\xc7\x00", "UD");
TEST64("\x0f\xc7\x30", "[VMPTRLD mem8:r0]");
TEST64("\x66\x0f\xc7\x30", "[VMCLEAR mem8:r0]");
TEST64("\xf3\x0f\xc7\x30", "[VMXON mem8:r0]");
TEST64("\x0f\xc7\x30", "vmptrld qword ptr [rax]");
TEST64("\x66\x0f\xc7\x30", "vmclear qword ptr [rax]");
TEST64("\xf3\x0f\xc7\x30", "vmxon qword ptr [rax]");
TEST64("\x0f\x09", "[WBINVD]");
TEST64("\xf3\x0f\x09", "[WBNOINVD]");
TEST64("\x0f\x09", "wbinvd");
TEST64("\xf3\x0f\x09", "wbnoinvd");
TEST64("\x0f\xae\xe8", "[LFENCE]");
TEST64("\x0f\xae\xe8", "lfence");
TEST("\xf3\x0f\x2a\xc1", "[SSE_CVTSI2SS reg4:r0 reg4:r1]");
TEST("\xf3\x66\x0f\x2a\xc1", "[SSE_CVTSI2SS reg4:r0 reg4:r1]");
TEST("\x66\xf3\x0f\x2a\xc1", "[SSE_CVTSI2SS reg4:r0 reg4:r1]");
TEST64("\xf3\x48\x0f\x2a\xc1", "[SSE_CVTSI2SS reg4:r0 reg8:r1]");
TEST64("\x66\xf3\x48\x0f\x2a\xc1", "[SSE_CVTSI2SS reg4:r0 reg8:r1]");
TEST64("\x66\x0f\x50\xc1", "[SSE_MOVMSKPD reg8:r0 reg16:r1]");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xc6\xc0\x01", "[SSE_SHUFPD reg16:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x1]");
TEST("\x66\x0f\x71\xd0\x01", "[SSE_PSRLW reg16:r0 imm1:0x1]");
TEST("\x66\x0f\x3a\x20\xc4\x01", "[SSE_PINSRB reg16:r0 reg1:r4 imm1:0x1]");
TEST("\xf3\x0f\x2a\xc1", "cvtsi2ss xmm0, ecx");
TEST("\xf3\x66\x0f\x2a\xc1", "cvtsi2ss xmm0, ecx");
TEST("\x66\xf3\x0f\x2a\xc1", "cvtsi2ss xmm0, ecx");
TEST64("\xf3\x48\x0f\x2a\xc1", "cvtsi2ss xmm0, rcx");
TEST64("\x66\xf3\x48\x0f\x2a\xc1", "cvtsi2ss xmm0, rcx");
TEST64("\x66\x0f\x50\xc1", "movmskpd rax, xmm1");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xc6\xc0\x01", "shufpd xmm0, xmm0, 0x1");
TEST("\x66\x0f\x71\xd0\x01", "psrlw xmm0, 0x1");
TEST("\x66\x0f\x3a\x20\xc4\x01", "pinsrb xmm0, spl, 0x1");
TEST("\x66\x0f\x71\x10\x01", "UD");
TEST32("\xc4\x00", "[LES reg4:r0 mem0:r0]");
TEST32("\xc5\x00", "[LDS reg4:r0 mem0:r0]");
TEST("\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "[VCVTSI2SS reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\xc4\x00", "les eax, fword ptr [eax]");
TEST32("\xc5\x00", "lds eax, fword ptr [eax]");
TEST32("\x0f\xb2\x00", "lss eax, fword ptr [eax]");
TEST64("\x0f\xb2\x00", "lss eax, fword ptr [rax]");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xb2\x00", "lss rax, fword ptr [rax]");
TEST("\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "vcvtsi2ss xmm0, xmm1, eax");
TEST("\xf3\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "UD"); // VEX+REP
TEST("\xf2\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "UD"); // VEX+REPNZ
TEST("\xf2\xf3\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "UD"); // VEX+REP+REPNZ
TEST("\x66\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "UD"); // VEX+66
TEST("\xf0\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "UD"); // VEX+LOCK
TEST64("\x40\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "UD"); // VEX+REX
TEST64("\x40\x26\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "[VCVTSI2SS reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg4:r0]"); // VEX+REX, but REX doesn't precede VEX
TEST64("\x40\x26\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "vcvtsi2ss xmm0, xmm1, eax"); // VEX+REX, but REX doesn't precede VEX
TEST("\xf3\x0f\x7e\x5c\x24\x08", "[SSE_MOVQ reg16:r3 mem8:r4+0x8]");
TEST32("\xc4\xe1\x00\x58\xc1", "[VADDPS reg16:r0 reg16:r7 reg16:r1]"); // MSB in vvvv ignored
TEST64("\xc4\xe1\x00\x58\xc1", "[VADDPS reg16:r0 reg16:r15 reg16:r1]");
TEST32("\xc4\xc1\x78\x58\xc0", "[VADDPS reg16:r0 reg16:r0 reg16:r0]"); // VEX.B ignored in 32-bit
TEST64("\xc4\xc1\x78\x58\xc0", "[VADDPS reg16:r0 reg16:r0 reg16:r8]");
TEST("\xc5\xf9\x6e\xc8", "[VMOVD reg4:r1 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\xc4\xe1\xf9\x6e\xc8", "[VMOVQ reg8:r1 reg8:r0]");
TEST32("\xc4\xe1\xf9\x6e\xc8", "[VMOVD reg4:r1 reg4:r0]");
TEST("\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "[VCVTSI2SS reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg4:r0]");
TEST32("\xc4\xe1\xf2\x2a\xc0", "[VCVTSI2SS reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg4:r0]");
TEST64("\xc4\xe1\xf2\x2a\xc0", "[VCVTSI2SS reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg8:r0]");
TEST64("\xc4\xe2\x75\x90\x04\xe7", "[VPGATHERDD reg32:r0 mem32:r7+8*r4 reg32:r1]");
TEST32("\xf3\x0f\x7e\x5c\x24\x08", "movq xmm3, qword ptr [esp+0x8]");
TEST64("\xf3\x0f\x7e\x5c\x24\x08", "movq xmm3, qword ptr [rsp+0x8]");
TEST32("\xc4\xe1\x00\x58\xc1", "vaddps xmm0, xmm7, xmm1"); // MSB in vvvv ignored
TEST64("\xc4\xe1\x00\x58\xc1", "vaddps xmm0, xmm15, xmm1");
TEST32("\xc4\xc1\x78\x58\xc0", "vaddps xmm0, xmm0, xmm0"); // VEX.B ignored in 32-bit
TEST64("\xc4\xc1\x78\x58\xc0", "vaddps xmm0, xmm0, xmm8");
TEST("\xc5\xf9\x6e\xc8", "vmovd xmm1, eax");
TEST64("\xc4\xe1\xf9\x6e\xc8", "vmovq xmm1, rax");
TEST32("\xc4\xe1\xf9\x6e\xc8", "vmovd xmm1, eax");
TEST("\xc5\xf2\x2a\xc0", "vcvtsi2ss xmm0, xmm1, eax");
TEST32("\xc4\xe1\xf2\x2a\xc0", "vcvtsi2ss xmm0, xmm1, eax");
TEST64("\xc4\xe1\xf2\x2a\xc0", "vcvtsi2ss xmm0, xmm1, rax");
TEST64("\xc4\xe2\x75\x90\x04\xe7", "vpgatherdd ymm0, ymmword ptr [rdi+8*rsp], ymm1");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x79\x14\xc0\x00", "[VPEXTRB reg1:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\xf9\x14\xc0\x00", "[VPEXTRB reg1:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x79\x15\xc0\x00", "[VPEXTRW reg2:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\xf9\x15\xc0\x00", "[VPEXTRW reg2:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST32("\xc4\xe1\x79\xc5\xc0\x00", "[VPEXTRW reg4:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST64("\xc4\xe1\x79\xc5\xc0\x00", "[VPEXTRW reg8:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x79\x16\xc0\x00", "[VPEXTRD reg4:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST32("\xc4\xe3\xf9\x16\xc0\x00", "[VPEXTRD reg4:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST64("\xc4\xe3\xf9\x16\xc0\x00", "[VPEXTRQ reg8:r0 reg16:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x79\x14\xc0\x00", "vpextrb al, xmm0, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\xf9\x14\xc0\x00", "vpextrb al, xmm0, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x79\x15\xc0\x00", "vpextrw ax, xmm0, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\xf9\x15\xc0\x00", "vpextrw ax, xmm0, 0x0");
TEST32("\xc4\xe1\x79\xc5\xc0\x00", "vpextrw eax, xmm0, 0x0");
TEST64("\xc4\xe1\x79\xc5\xc0\x00", "vpextrw rax, xmm0, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x79\x16\xc0\x00", "vpextrd eax, xmm0, 0x0");
TEST32("\xc4\xe3\xf9\x16\xc0\x00", "vpextrd eax, xmm0, 0x0");
TEST64("\xc4\xe3\xf9\x16\xc0\x00", "vpextrq rax, xmm0, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x71\x20\xc0\x00", "[VPINSRB reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg1:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\xf1\x20\xc0\x00", "[VPINSRB reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg1:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe1\x71\xc4\xc0\x00", "[VPINSRW reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg2:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe1\xf1\xc4\xc0\x00", "[VPINSRW reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg2:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x71\x22\xc0\x00", "[VPINSRD reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg4:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST32("\xc4\xe3\xf1\x22\xc0\x00", "[VPINSRD reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg4:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST64("\xc4\xe3\xf1\x22\xc0\x00", "[VPINSRQ reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg8:r0 imm1:0x0]");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x71\x20\xc0\x00", "vpinsrb xmm0, xmm1, al, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\xf1\x20\xc0\x00", "vpinsrb xmm0, xmm1, al, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe1\x71\xc4\xc0\x00", "vpinsrw xmm0, xmm1, ax, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe1\xf1\xc4\xc0\x00", "vpinsrw xmm0, xmm1, ax, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x71\x22\xc0\x00", "vpinsrd xmm0, xmm1, eax, 0x0");
TEST32("\xc4\xe3\xf1\x22\xc0\x00", "vpinsrd xmm0, xmm1, eax, 0x0");
TEST64("\xc4\xe3\xf1\x22\xc0\x00", "vpinsrq xmm0, xmm1, rax, 0x0");
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x75\x20\xc0\x00", "UD"); // VEX.L != 0
TEST("\xc4\xe1\x75\xc4\xc0\x00", "UD"); // VEX.L != 0
TEST("\xc4\xe1\xf5\xc4\xc0\x00", "UD"); // VEX.L != 0
TEST("\xc4\xe3\x75\x22\xc0\x00", "UD"); // VEX.L != 0
TEST("\xc4\xe3\xf5\x22\xc0\x00", "UD"); // VEX.L != 0
TEST("\xc4\xe2\x71\x45\xc2", "[VPSRLVD reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg16:r2]");
TEST("\xc4\xe2\x75\x45\xc2", "[VPSRLVD reg32:r0 reg32:r1 reg32:r2]");
TEST("\xc4\xe2\xf1\x45\xc2", "[VPSRLVQ reg16:r0 reg16:r1 reg16:r2]");
TEST("\xc4\xe2\xf5\x45\xc2", "[VPSRLVQ reg32:r0 reg32:r1 reg32:r2]");
TEST("\xc4\xe2\x71\x45\xc2", "vpsrlvd xmm0, xmm1, xmm2");
TEST("\xc4\xe2\x75\x45\xc2", "vpsrlvd ymm0, ymm1, ymm2");
TEST("\xc4\xe2\xf1\x45\xc2", "vpsrlvq xmm0, xmm1, xmm2");
TEST("\xc4\xe2\xf5\x45\xc2", "vpsrlvq ymm0, ymm1, ymm2");
TEST("\xc4\xe2\x7d\x5a\x20", "[VBROADCASTI128 reg32:r4 mem16:r0]");
TEST64("\xc4\x62\x7d\x5a\x20", "[VBROADCASTI128 reg32:r12 mem16:r0]");
TEST32("\xc4\xe2\x7d\x5a\x20", "vbroadcasti128 ymm4, xmmword ptr [eax]");
TEST64("\xc4\xe2\x7d\x5a\x20", "vbroadcasti128 ymm4, xmmword ptr [rax]");
TEST64("\xc4\x62\x7d\x5a\x20", "vbroadcasti128 ymm12, xmmword ptr [rax]");
TEST("\xc4\xe2\x75\x5a\x20", "UD"); // VEX.vvvv != 1111
TEST("\xc4\xe2\x7d\x5a\xc0", "UD"); // ModRM.mod != 11
TEST("\xc4\xe2\x79\x5a\x20", "UD"); // VEX.L != 1
TEST("\xc4\xe2\xfd\x5a\x20", "UD"); // VEX.W != 0
// Intel-Syntax special cases
TEST("\x66\x98", "cbw");
TEST("\x98", "cwde");
TEST64("\x48\x98", "cdqe");
TEST("\x66\x99", "cwd");
TEST("\x99", "cdq");
TEST64("\x48\x99", "cqo");
TEST32("\x0f\xae\x00", "fxsave [eax]");
TEST64("\x0f\xae\x00", "fxsave [rax]");
TEST64("\x48\x0f\xae\x00", "fxsave64 [rax]");
TEST32("\x66\xff\xe0", "jmp ax");
TEST64("\x66\xff\xe0", "jmp rax");
TEST32("\x66\x70\x00", "jow 0x3");
TEST64("\x66\x70\x00", "jo 0x3");
TEST32("\xe3\xfe", "jecxz 0x0");
TEST64("\xe3\xfe", "jrcxz 0x0");
TEST32("\x67\xe3\xfd", "jcxz 0x0");
TEST64("\x67\xe3\xfd", "jecxz 0x0");
TEST("\xa5", "movsd");
TEST("\x64\xa5", "fs movsd");
TEST32("\x2e\xa5", "cs movsd");
TEST64("\x2e\xa5", "movsd");
TEST32("\x67\xa5", "addr16 movsd");
TEST64("\x67\xa5", "addr32 movsd");
TEST("\xaf", "scasd");
TEST("\x64\xaf", "scasd"); // SCAS doesn't use segment overrides
TEST("\xec", "inb");
TEST32("\x66\x61", "popaw");
TEST32("\x61", "popad");
TEST("\x66\x9d", "popfw");
TEST32("\x9d", "popfd");
TEST64("\x9d", "popfq");
TEST("\x66\xcf", "iretw");
TEST("\xcf", "iretd");
TEST64("\x48\xcf", "iretq");
TEST32("\x06", "push es");
TEST32("\x66\x06", "pushw es");
TEST32("\x07", "pop es");
TEST32("\x66\x07", "popw es");
TEST32("\x0e", "push cs");
TEST32("\x66\x0e", "pushw cs");
TEST32("\x16", "push ss");
TEST32("\x66\x16", "pushw ss");
TEST32("\x17", "pop ss");
TEST32("\x66\x17", "popw ss");
TEST("\x0f\xa8", "push gs");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xa8", "pushw gs");
TEST("\x0f\xa9", "pop gs");
TEST("\x66\x0f\xa9", "popw gs");
TEST32("\x0f\x21\xd0", "mov eax, dr2");
TEST64("\x0f\x21\xd0", "mov rax, dr2");
TEST32("\x62\x00", "bound eax, qword ptr [eax]");
TEST32("\x66\x62\x00", "bound ax, dword ptr [eax]");
TEST32("\x0f\xae\x38", "clflush byte ptr [eax]");
TEST64("\x0f\xae\x38", "clflush byte ptr [rax]");
TEST32("\xdd\x00", "fld qword ptr [eax]");
TEST64("\xdd\x00", "fld qword ptr [rax]");
TEST32("\xdb\x28", "fld tbyte ptr [eax]");
TEST64("\xdb\x28", "fld tbyte ptr [rax]");
TEST32("\xd9\x20", "fldenv [eax]");
TEST64("\xd9\x20", "fldenv [rax]");
puts(failed ? "Some tests FAILED" : "All tests PASSED");
return failed ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
}