diff --git a/cranelift/codegen/src/legalizer/mod.rs b/cranelift/codegen/src/legalizer/mod.rs
index 70fb614a2d..d00a2ccd79 100644
--- a/cranelift/codegen/src/legalizer/mod.rs
+++ b/cranelift/codegen/src/legalizer/mod.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use crate::ir::{self, InstBuilder, MemFlags};
 use crate::isa::TargetIsa;
 use crate::predicates;
 use crate::timing;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::vec::Vec;
 
 mod boundary;
@@ -146,7 +147,9 @@ pub fn legalize_function(func: &mut ir::Function, cfg: &mut ControlFlowGraph, is
     func.encodings.resize(func.dfg.num_insts());
 
     let mut pos = FuncCursor::new(func);
-    let mut pending_splits = Vec::new();
+
+    // This must be a set to prevent trying to legalize `isplit` and `vsplit` twice in certain cases.
+    let mut pending_splits = BTreeSet::new();
 
     // Process EBBs in layout order. Some legalization actions may split the current EBB or append
     // new ones to the end. We need to make sure we visit those new EBBs too.
@@ -166,7 +169,9 @@ pub fn legalize_function(func: &mut ir::Function, cfg: &mut ControlFlowGraph, is
                 // The argument of a `isplit` or `vsplit` instruction didn't resolve to a
                 // `iconcat` or `vconcat` instruction. Try again after legalizing the rest of
                 // the instructions.
-                LegalizeInstResult::SplitLegalizePending => pending_splits.push(inst),
+                LegalizeInstResult::SplitLegalizePending => {
+                    pending_splits.insert(inst);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/cranelift/filetests/filetests/isa/x86/isplit-not-legalized-twice.clif b/cranelift/filetests/filetests/isa/x86/isplit-not-legalized-twice.clif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b81a186da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cranelift/filetests/filetests/isa/x86/isplit-not-legalized-twice.clif
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+test compile
+target x86_64
+
+function u0:0(i64, i64) -> i128 system_v {
+ebb0(v0: i64, v1: i64):
+    trap user0
+
+ebb30:
+    v245 = iconst.i64 0
+    v246 = iconcat v245, v245
+    ; The next instruction used to be legalized twice, causing a panic the second time.
+    v250, v251 = isplit.i128 v370
+    v252, v253 = isplit v246
+    trap user0
+
+ebb45:
+    v369 = iconst.i64 0
+    v370 = load.i128 v369
+    trap user0
+}