Refactor the internals of Func to remove layers of indirection (#1363)

* Remove `WrappedCallable` indirection

At this point `Func` has evolved quite a bit since inception and the
`WrappedCallable` trait I don't believe is needed any longer. This
should help clean up a few entry points by having fewer traits in play.

* Remove the `Callable` trait

This commit removes the `wasmtime::Callable` trait, changing the
signature of `Func::new` to take an appropriately typed `Fn`.
Additionally the function now always takes `&Caller` like `Func::wrap`
optionally can, to empower `Func::new` to have the same capabilities of
`Func::wrap`.

* Add a test for an already-fixed issue

Closes #849

* rustfmt

* Update more locations for `Callable`

* rustfmt

* Remove a stray leading borrow

* Review feedback

* Remove unneeded `wasmtime_call_trampoline` shim
This commit is contained in:
Alex Crichton
2020-03-19 14:21:45 -05:00
committed by GitHub
parent 39ba281bc7
commit afd980b4f6
16 changed files with 354 additions and 682 deletions

View File

@@ -1,214 +0,0 @@
use crate::runtime::Store;
use crate::trampoline::generate_func_export;
use crate::trap::Trap;
use crate::types::FuncType;
use crate::values::Val;
use std::cmp::max;
use std::ptr;
use std::rc::Rc;
use wasmtime_runtime::{ExportFunction, InstanceHandle, VMTrampoline};
/// A trait representing a function that can be imported and called from inside
/// WebAssembly.
/// # Example
/// ```
/// use wasmtime::Val;
///
/// struct TimesTwo;
///
/// impl wasmtime::Callable for TimesTwo {
/// fn call(&self, params: &[Val], results: &mut [Val]) -> Result<(), wasmtime::Trap> {
/// let mut value = params[0].unwrap_i32();
/// value *= 2;
/// results[0] = value.into();
///
/// Ok(())
/// }
/// }
///
/// # fn main () -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
/// // Simple module that imports our host function ("times_two") and re-exports
/// // it as "run".
/// let wat = r#"
/// (module
/// (func $times_two (import "" "times_two") (param i32) (result i32))
/// (func
/// (export "run")
/// (param i32)
/// (result i32)
/// (local.get 0)
/// (call $times_two))
/// )
/// "#;
///
/// // Initialise environment and our module.
/// let store = wasmtime::Store::default();
/// let module = wasmtime::Module::new(&store, wat)?;
///
/// // Define the type of the function we're going to call.
/// let times_two_type = wasmtime::FuncType::new(
/// // Parameters
/// Box::new([wasmtime::ValType::I32]),
/// // Results
/// Box::new([wasmtime::ValType::I32])
/// );
///
/// // Build a reference to the "times_two" function that can be used.
/// let times_two_function =
/// wasmtime::Func::new(&store, times_two_type, std::rc::Rc::new(TimesTwo));
///
/// // Create module instance that imports our function
/// let instance = wasmtime::Instance::new(
/// &module,
/// &[times_two_function.into()]
/// )?;
///
/// // Get "run" function from the exports.
/// let run_function = instance.exports()[0].func().unwrap();
///
/// // Borrow and call "run". Returning any error message from Wasm as a string.
/// let original = 5i32;
/// let results = run_function
/// .call(&[original.into()])
/// .map_err(|trap| trap.to_string())?;
///
/// // Compare that the results returned matches what we expect.
/// assert_eq!(original * 2, results[0].unwrap_i32());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
pub trait Callable {
/// What is called when the function is invoked in WebAssembly.
/// `params` is an immutable list of parameters provided to the function.
/// `results` is mutable list of results to be potentially set by your
/// function. Produces a `Trap` if the function encounters any errors.
fn call(&self, params: &[Val], results: &mut [Val]) -> Result<(), Trap>;
}
pub(crate) trait WrappedCallable {
fn call(&self, params: &[Val], results: &mut [Val]) -> Result<(), Trap>;
fn wasmtime_handle(&self) -> &InstanceHandle;
fn wasmtime_function(&self) -> &ExportFunction;
}
pub(crate) struct WasmtimeFn {
store: Store,
instance: InstanceHandle,
export: ExportFunction,
trampoline: VMTrampoline,
}
impl WasmtimeFn {
pub fn new(
store: &Store,
instance: InstanceHandle,
export: ExportFunction,
trampoline: VMTrampoline,
) -> WasmtimeFn {
WasmtimeFn {
store: store.clone(),
instance,
export,
trampoline,
}
}
}
impl WrappedCallable for WasmtimeFn {
fn call(&self, params: &[Val], results: &mut [Val]) -> Result<(), Trap> {
let f = self.wasmtime_function();
let signature = self
.store
.compiler()
.signatures()
.lookup(f.signature)
.expect("missing signature");
if signature.params.len() - 2 != params.len() {
return Err(Trap::new(format!(
"expected {} arguments, got {}",
signature.params.len() - 2,
params.len()
)));
}
if signature.returns.len() != results.len() {
return Err(Trap::new(format!(
"expected {} results, got {}",
signature.returns.len(),
results.len()
)));
}
let mut values_vec = vec![0; max(params.len(), results.len())];
// Store the argument values into `values_vec`.
let param_tys = signature.params.iter().skip(2);
for ((arg, slot), ty) in params.iter().zip(&mut values_vec).zip(param_tys) {
if arg.ty().get_wasmtime_type() != Some(ty.value_type) {
return Err(Trap::new("argument type mismatch"));
}
unsafe {
arg.write_value_to(slot);
}
}
// Call the trampoline.
if let Err(error) = unsafe {
wasmtime_runtime::wasmtime_call_trampoline(
f.vmctx,
ptr::null_mut(),
self.trampoline,
f.address,
values_vec.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
)
} {
return Err(Trap::from_jit(error));
}
// Load the return values out of `values_vec`.
for (index, abi_param) in signature.returns.iter().enumerate() {
unsafe {
let ptr = values_vec.as_ptr().add(index);
results[index] = Val::read_value_from(ptr, abi_param.value_type);
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn wasmtime_handle(&self) -> &InstanceHandle {
&self.instance
}
fn wasmtime_function(&self) -> &ExportFunction {
&self.export
}
}
pub struct NativeCallable {
callable: Rc<dyn Callable + 'static>,
instance: InstanceHandle,
export: ExportFunction,
}
impl NativeCallable {
pub(crate) fn new(callable: Rc<dyn Callable + 'static>, ft: &FuncType, store: &Store) -> Self {
let (instance, export) =
generate_func_export(ft, &callable, store).expect("generated func");
NativeCallable {
callable,
instance,
export,
}
}
}
impl WrappedCallable for NativeCallable {
fn call(&self, params: &[Val], results: &mut [Val]) -> Result<(), Trap> {
self.callable.call(params, results)
}
fn wasmtime_handle(&self) -> &InstanceHandle {
&self.instance
}
fn wasmtime_function(&self) -> &ExportFunction {
&self.export
}
}

View File

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
use crate::callable::{NativeCallable, WasmtimeFn, WrappedCallable};
use crate::{Callable, Extern, FuncType, Memory, Store, Trap, Val, ValType};
use crate::{Extern, FuncType, Memory, Store, Trap, Val, ValType};
use anyhow::{ensure, Context as _};
use std::cmp::max;
use std::fmt;
use std::mem;
use std::panic::{self, AssertUnwindSafe};
use std::ptr;
use std::rc::Rc;
use wasmtime_runtime::{Export, InstanceHandle, VMContext, VMFunctionBody};
use wasmtime_runtime::{ExportFunction, VMTrampoline};
/// A WebAssembly function which can be called.
///
@@ -100,19 +100,6 @@ use wasmtime_runtime::{Export, InstanceHandle, VMContext, VMFunctionBody};
///
/// ```
/// # use wasmtime::*;
/// use std::rc::Rc;
///
/// struct Double;
///
/// impl Callable for Double {
/// fn call(&self, params: &[Val], results: &mut [Val]) -> Result<(), Trap> {
/// let mut value = params[0].unwrap_i32();
/// value *= 2;
/// results[0] = value.into();
/// Ok(())
/// }
/// }
///
/// # fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
/// let store = Store::default();
///
@@ -122,7 +109,12 @@ use wasmtime_runtime::{Export, InstanceHandle, VMContext, VMFunctionBody};
/// Box::new([wasmtime::ValType::I32]),
/// Box::new([wasmtime::ValType::I32])
/// );
/// let double = Func::new(&store, double_type, Rc::new(Double));
/// let double = Func::new(&store, double_type, |_, params, results| {
/// let mut value = params[0].unwrap_i32();
/// value *= 2;
/// results[0] = value.into();
/// Ok(())
/// });
///
/// let module = Module::new(
/// &store,
@@ -144,8 +136,10 @@ use wasmtime_runtime::{Export, InstanceHandle, VMContext, VMFunctionBody};
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Func {
store: Store,
callable: Rc<dyn WrappedCallable + 'static>,
instance: InstanceHandle,
export: ExportFunction,
ty: FuncType,
trampoline: VMTrampoline,
}
macro_rules! getters {
@@ -213,15 +207,76 @@ impl Func {
/// * `ty` - the signature of this function, used to indicate what the
/// inputs and outputs are, which must be WebAssembly types.
///
/// * `callable` - a type implementing the [`Callable`] trait which
/// is the implementation of this `Func` value.
/// * `func` - the native code invoked whenever this `Func` will be called.
/// This closure is provided a [`Caller`] as its first argument to learn
/// information about the caller, and then it's passed a list of
/// parameters as a slice along with a mutable slice of where to write
/// results.
///
/// Note that the implementation of `callable` must adhere to the `ty`
/// Note that the implementation of `func` must adhere to the `ty`
/// signature given, error or traps may occur if it does not respect the
/// `ty` signature.
pub fn new(store: &Store, ty: FuncType, callable: Rc<dyn Callable + 'static>) -> Self {
let callable = Rc::new(NativeCallable::new(callable, &ty, &store));
Func::from_wrapped(store, ty, callable)
///
/// Additionally note that this is quite a dynamic function since signatures
/// are not statically known. For a more performant `Func` it's recommended
/// to use [`Func::wrap`] if you can because with statically known
/// signatures the engine can optimize the implementation much more.
pub fn new(
store: &Store,
ty: FuncType,
func: impl Fn(Caller<'_>, &[Val], &mut [Val]) -> Result<(), Trap> + 'static,
) -> Self {
let store_clone = store.clone();
let ty_clone = ty.clone();
// Create our actual trampoline function which translates from a bunch
// of bit patterns on the stack to actual instances of `Val` being
// passed to the given function.
let func = Box::new(move |caller_vmctx, values_vec: *mut u128| {
// We have a dynamic guarantee that `values_vec` has the right
// number of arguments and the right types of arguments. As a result
// we should be able to safely run through them all and read them.
let mut args = Vec::with_capacity(ty_clone.params().len());
for (i, ty) in ty_clone.params().iter().enumerate() {
unsafe {
args.push(Val::read_value_from(values_vec.add(i), ty));
}
}
let mut returns = vec![Val::null(); ty_clone.results().len()];
func(
Caller {
store: &store_clone,
caller_vmctx,
},
&args,
&mut returns,
)?;
// Unlike our arguments we need to dynamically check that the return
// values produced are correct. There could be a bug in `func` that
// produces the wrong number or wrong types of values, and we need
// to catch that here.
for (i, (ret, ty)) in returns.iter_mut().zip(ty_clone.results()).enumerate() {
if ret.ty() != *ty {
return Err(Trap::new(
"function attempted to return an incompatible value",
));
}
unsafe {
ret.write_value_to(values_vec.add(i));
}
}
Ok(())
});
let (instance, export, trampoline) =
crate::trampoline::generate_func_export(&ty, func, store).expect("generated func");
Func {
store: store.clone(),
ty,
instance,
export,
trampoline,
}
}
/// Creates a new `Func` from the given Rust closure.
@@ -414,18 +469,6 @@ impl Func {
func.into_func(store)
}
fn from_wrapped(
store: &Store,
ty: FuncType,
callable: Rc<dyn WrappedCallable + 'static>,
) -> Func {
Func {
store: store.clone(),
callable,
ty,
}
}
/// Returns the underlying wasm type that this `Func` has.
pub fn ty(&self) -> &FuncType {
&self.ty
@@ -451,26 +494,71 @@ impl Func {
/// This function should not panic unless the underlying function itself
/// initiates a panic.
pub fn call(&self, params: &[Val]) -> Result<Box<[Val]>, Trap> {
for param in params {
if !param.comes_from_same_store(&self.store) {
// We need to perform a dynamic check that the arguments given to us
// match the signature of this function and are appropriate to pass to
// this function. This involves checking to make sure we have the right
// number and types of arguments as well as making sure everything is
// from the same `Store`.
if self.ty.params().len() != params.len() {
return Err(Trap::new(format!(
"expected {} arguments, got {}",
self.ty.params().len(),
params.len()
)));
}
let mut values_vec = vec![0; max(params.len(), self.ty.results().len())];
// Store the argument values into `values_vec`.
let param_tys = self.ty.params().iter();
for ((arg, slot), ty) in params.iter().zip(&mut values_vec).zip(param_tys) {
if arg.ty() != *ty {
return Err(Trap::new("argument type mismatch"));
}
if !arg.comes_from_same_store(&self.store) {
return Err(Trap::new(
"cross-`Store` values are not currently supported",
));
}
unsafe {
arg.write_value_to(slot);
}
}
let mut results = vec![Val::null(); self.result_arity()];
self.callable.call(params, &mut results)?;
Ok(results.into_boxed_slice())
// Call the trampoline.
if let Err(error) = unsafe {
wasmtime_runtime::catch_traps(self.export.vmctx, || {
(self.trampoline)(
self.export.vmctx,
ptr::null_mut(),
self.export.address,
values_vec.as_mut_ptr(),
)
})
} {
return Err(Trap::from_jit(error));
}
// Load the return values out of `values_vec`.
let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(self.ty.results().len());
for (index, ty) in self.ty.results().iter().enumerate() {
unsafe {
let ptr = values_vec.as_ptr().add(index);
results.push(Val::read_value_from(ptr, ty));
}
}
Ok(results.into())
}
pub(crate) fn wasmtime_function(&self) -> &wasmtime_runtime::ExportFunction {
self.callable.wasmtime_function()
&self.export
}
pub(crate) fn from_wasmtime_function(
export: wasmtime_runtime::ExportFunction,
store: &Store,
instance_handle: InstanceHandle,
instance: InstanceHandle,
) -> Self {
// Signatures should always be registered in the store's registry of
// shared signatures, so we should be able to unwrap safely here.
@@ -489,12 +577,17 @@ impl Func {
// Each function signature in a module should have a trampoline stored
// on that module as well, so unwrap the result here since otherwise
// it's a bug in wasmtime.
let trampoline = instance_handle
let trampoline = instance
.trampoline(export.signature)
.expect("failed to retrieve trampoline from module");
let callable = WasmtimeFn::new(store, instance_handle, export, trampoline);
Func::from_wrapped(store, ty, Rc::new(callable))
Func {
instance,
export,
trampoline,
ty,
store: store.clone(),
}
}
getters! {
@@ -998,8 +1091,13 @@ macro_rules! impl_into_func {
Box::new((self, store_clone)),
)
.expect("failed to generate export");
let callable = Rc::new(WasmtimeFn::new(store, instance, export, trampoline));
Func::from_wrapped(store, ty, callable)
Func {
store: store.clone(),
ty,
instance,
export,
trampoline,
}
}
}
}

View File

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
#![deny(missing_docs, intra_doc_link_resolution_failure)]
mod callable;
mod externals;
mod frame_info;
mod func;
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ mod trap;
mod types;
mod values;
pub use crate::callable::Callable;
pub use crate::externals::*;
pub use crate::frame_info::FrameInfo;
pub use crate::func::*;

View File

@@ -1,18 +1,15 @@
//! Support for a calling of an imported function.
use super::create_handle::create_handle;
use crate::{Callable, FuncType, Store, Trap, Val};
use crate::{FuncType, Store, Trap};
use anyhow::{bail, Result};
use std::any::Any;
use std::cmp;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::mem;
use std::panic::{self, AssertUnwindSafe};
use std::rc::Rc;
use wasmtime_environ::entity::{EntityRef, PrimaryMap};
use wasmtime_environ::ir::types;
use wasmtime_environ::entity::PrimaryMap;
use wasmtime_environ::isa::TargetIsa;
use wasmtime_environ::wasm::FuncIndex;
use wasmtime_environ::{
ir, settings, CompiledFunction, CompiledFunctionUnwindInfo, Export, Module,
};
@@ -26,22 +23,15 @@ use wasmtime_jit::{native, CodeMemory};
use wasmtime_runtime::{InstanceHandle, VMContext, VMFunctionBody, VMTrampoline};
struct TrampolineState {
func: Rc<dyn Callable + 'static>,
func: Box<dyn Fn(*mut VMContext, *mut u128) -> Result<(), Trap>>,
#[allow(dead_code)]
code_memory: CodeMemory,
}
impl TrampolineState {
fn new(func: Rc<dyn Callable + 'static>, code_memory: CodeMemory) -> Self {
TrampolineState { func, code_memory }
}
}
unsafe extern "C" fn stub_fn(
vmctx: *mut VMContext,
_caller_vmctx: *mut VMContext,
call_id: u32,
values_vec: *mut i128,
caller_vmctx: *mut VMContext,
values_vec: *mut u128,
) {
// Here we are careful to use `catch_unwind` to ensure Rust panics don't
// unwind past us. The primary reason for this is that Rust considers it UB
@@ -56,7 +46,9 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn stub_fn(
// below will trigger a longjmp, which won't run local destructors if we
// have any. To prevent leaks we avoid having any local destructors by
// avoiding local variables.
let result = panic::catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| call_stub(vmctx, call_id, values_vec)));
let result = panic::catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
call_stub(vmctx, caller_vmctx, values_vec)
}));
match result {
Ok(Ok(())) => {}
@@ -76,54 +68,23 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn stub_fn(
unsafe fn call_stub(
vmctx: *mut VMContext,
call_id: u32,
values_vec: *mut i128,
caller_vmctx: *mut VMContext,
values_vec: *mut u128,
) -> Result<(), Trap> {
let instance = InstanceHandle::from_vmctx(vmctx);
let (args, returns_len) = {
let module = instance.module_ref();
let signature =
&module.local.signatures[module.local.functions[FuncIndex::new(call_id as usize)]];
let mut args = Vec::new();
for i in 2..signature.params.len() {
args.push(Val::read_value_from(
values_vec.offset(i as isize - 2),
signature.params[i].value_type,
))
}
(args, signature.returns.len())
};
let mut returns = vec![Val::null(); returns_len];
let state = &instance
.host_state()
.downcast_ref::<TrampolineState>()
.expect("state");
state.func.call(&args, &mut returns)?;
let module = instance.module_ref();
let signature =
&module.local.signatures[module.local.functions[FuncIndex::new(call_id as usize)]];
for (i, ret) in returns.iter_mut().enumerate() {
if ret.ty().get_wasmtime_type() != Some(signature.returns[i].value_type) {
return Err(Trap::new(
"`Callable` attempted to return an incompatible value",
));
}
ret.write_value_to(values_vec.add(i));
}
Ok(())
(state.func)(caller_vmctx, values_vec)
}
}
/// Create a trampoline for invoking a Callable.
/// Create a trampoline for invoking a function.
fn make_trampoline(
isa: &dyn TargetIsa,
code_memory: &mut CodeMemory,
fn_builder_ctx: &mut FunctionBuilderContext,
call_id: u32,
signature: &ir::Signature,
) -> *mut [VMFunctionBody] {
// Mostly reverse copy of the similar method from wasmtime's
@@ -140,9 +101,6 @@ fn make_trampoline(
// Add the caller `vmctx` parameter.
stub_sig.params.push(ir::AbiParam::new(pointer_type));
// Add the `call_id` parameter.
stub_sig.params.push(ir::AbiParam::new(types::I32));
// Add the `values_vec` parameter.
stub_sig.params.push(ir::AbiParam::new(pointer_type));
@@ -188,14 +146,8 @@ fn make_trampoline(
let block_params = builder.func.dfg.block_params(block0);
let vmctx_ptr_val = block_params[0];
let caller_vmctx_ptr_val = block_params[1];
let call_id_val = builder.ins().iconst(types::I32, call_id as i64);
let callee_args = vec![
vmctx_ptr_val,
caller_vmctx_ptr_val,
call_id_val,
values_vec_ptr_val,
];
let callee_args = vec![vmctx_ptr_val, caller_vmctx_ptr_val, values_vec_ptr_val];
let new_sig = builder.import_signature(stub_sig);
@@ -249,9 +201,9 @@ fn make_trampoline(
pub fn create_handle_with_function(
ft: &FuncType,
func: &Rc<dyn Callable + 'static>,
func: Box<dyn Fn(*mut VMContext, *mut u128) -> Result<(), Trap>>,
store: &Store,
) -> Result<InstanceHandle> {
) -> Result<(InstanceHandle, VMTrampoline)> {
let isa = {
let isa_builder = native::builder();
let flag_builder = settings::builder();
@@ -277,13 +229,7 @@ pub fn create_handle_with_function(
module
.exports
.insert("trampoline".to_string(), Export::Function(func_id));
let trampoline = make_trampoline(
isa.as_ref(),
&mut code_memory,
&mut fn_builder_ctx,
func_id.index() as u32,
&sig,
);
let trampoline = make_trampoline(isa.as_ref(), &mut code_memory, &mut fn_builder_ctx, &sig);
finished_functions.push(trampoline);
// ... and then we also need a trampoline with the standard "trampoline ABI"
@@ -304,7 +250,7 @@ pub fn create_handle_with_function(
// code memory (makes it executable) and ensuring all our various bits of
// state make it into the instance constructors.
code_memory.publish();
let trampoline_state = TrampolineState::new(func.clone(), code_memory);
let trampoline_state = TrampolineState { func, code_memory };
create_handle(
module,
store,
@@ -312,6 +258,7 @@ pub fn create_handle_with_function(
trampolines,
Box::new(trampoline_state),
)
.map(|instance| (instance, trampoline))
}
pub unsafe fn create_handle_with_raw_function(

View File

@@ -10,23 +10,23 @@ use self::func::create_handle_with_function;
use self::global::create_global;
use self::memory::create_handle_with_memory;
use self::table::create_handle_with_table;
use super::{Callable, FuncType, GlobalType, MemoryType, Store, TableType, Val};
use crate::{FuncType, GlobalType, MemoryType, Store, TableType, Trap, Val};
use anyhow::Result;
use std::any::Any;
use std::rc::Rc;
use wasmtime_runtime::{VMFunctionBody, VMTrampoline};
use wasmtime_runtime::{VMContext, VMFunctionBody, VMTrampoline};
pub fn generate_func_export(
ft: &FuncType,
func: &Rc<dyn Callable + 'static>,
func: Box<dyn Fn(*mut VMContext, *mut u128) -> Result<(), Trap>>,
store: &Store,
) -> Result<(
wasmtime_runtime::InstanceHandle,
wasmtime_runtime::ExportFunction,
VMTrampoline,
)> {
let instance = create_handle_with_function(ft, func, store)?;
let (instance, trampoline) = create_handle_with_function(ft, func, store)?;
match instance.lookup("trampoline").expect("trampoline export") {
wasmtime_runtime::Export::Function(f) => Ok((instance, f)),
wasmtime_runtime::Export::Function(f) => Ok((instance, f, trampoline)),
_ => unreachable!(),
}
}

View File

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use crate::r#ref::AnyRef;
use crate::{Func, Store, ValType};
use anyhow::{bail, Result};
use std::ptr;
use wasmtime_environ::ir;
/// Possible runtime values that a WebAssembly module can either consume or
/// produce.
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ impl Val {
}
}
pub(crate) unsafe fn write_value_to(&self, p: *mut i128) {
pub(crate) unsafe fn write_value_to(&self, p: *mut u128) {
match self {
Val::I32(i) => ptr::write(p as *mut i32, *i),
Val::I64(i) => ptr::write(p as *mut i64, *i),
@@ -92,13 +91,13 @@ impl Val {
}
}
pub(crate) unsafe fn read_value_from(p: *const i128, ty: ir::Type) -> Val {
pub(crate) unsafe fn read_value_from(p: *const u128, ty: &ValType) -> Val {
match ty {
ir::types::I32 => Val::I32(ptr::read(p as *const i32)),
ir::types::I64 => Val::I64(ptr::read(p as *const i64)),
ir::types::F32 => Val::F32(ptr::read(p as *const u32)),
ir::types::F64 => Val::F64(ptr::read(p as *const u64)),
ir::types::I8X16 => Val::V128(ptr::read(p as *const u128)),
ValType::I32 => Val::I32(ptr::read(p as *const i32)),
ValType::I64 => Val::I64(ptr::read(p as *const i64)),
ValType::F32 => Val::F32(ptr::read(p as *const u32)),
ValType::F64 => Val::F64(ptr::read(p as *const u64)),
ValType::V128 => Val::V128(ptr::read(p as *const u128)),
_ => unimplemented!("Val::read_value_from"),
}
}