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//! Provides a named interface to the `u16` Encoding bits.
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use std::ops::RangeInclusive;
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/// Named interface to the `u16` Encoding bits, representing an opcode.
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///
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/// Cranelift requires each recipe to have a single encoding size in bytes.
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/// X86 opcodes are variable length, so we use separate recipes for different
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/// styles of opcodes and prefixes. The opcode format is indicated by the
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/// recipe name prefix.
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///
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/// VEX/XOP and EVEX prefixes are not yet supported.
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/// Encodings using any of these prefixes are represented by separate recipes.
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///
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/// The encoding bits are:
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///
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/// 0-7: The opcode byte <op>.
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/// 8-9: pp, mandatory prefix:
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/// 00: none (Op*)
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/// 01: 66 (Mp*)
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/// 10: F3 (Mp*)
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/// 11: F2 (Mp*)
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/// 10-11: mm, opcode map:
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/// 00: <op> (Op1/Mp1)
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/// 01: 0F <op> (Op2/Mp2)
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/// 10: 0F 38 <op> (Op3/Mp3)
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/// 11: 0F 3A <op> (Op3/Mp3)
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/// 12-14 rrr, opcode bits for the ModR/M byte for certain opcodes.
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/// 15: REX.W bit (or VEX.W/E)
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#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
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pub struct EncodingBits(u16);
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const OPCODE: RangeInclusive<u16> = 0..=7;
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const OPCODE_PREFIX: RangeInclusive<u16> = 8..=11; // Includes pp and mm.
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const RRR: RangeInclusive<u16> = 12..=14;
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const REX_W: RangeInclusive<u16> = 15..=15;
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impl From<u16> for EncodingBits {
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fn from(bits: u16) -> Self {
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Self(bits)
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}
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}
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impl EncodingBits {
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/// Constructs a new EncodingBits from parts.
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pub fn new(op_bytes: &[u8], rrr: u16, rex_w: u16) -> Self {
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assert!(
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!op_bytes.is_empty(),
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"op_bytes must include at least one opcode byte"
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);
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let mut new = Self::from(0);
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let last_byte = op_bytes[op_bytes.len() - 1];
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new.write(OPCODE, last_byte as u16);
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let prefix: u8 = OpcodePrefix::from_opcode(op_bytes).into();
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new.write(OPCODE_PREFIX, prefix as u16);
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new.write(RRR, rrr);
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new.write(REX_W, rex_w);
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new
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}
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/// Returns a copy of the EncodingBits with the RRR bits set.
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#[inline]
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pub fn with_rrr(mut self, rrr: u8) -> Self {
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debug_assert_eq!(self.rrr(), 0);
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self.write(RRR, rrr.into());
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self
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}
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/// Returns a copy of the EncodingBits with the REX.W bit set.
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#[inline]
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pub fn with_rex_w(mut self) -> Self {
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debug_assert_eq!(self.rex_w(), 0);
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self.write(REX_W, 1);
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self
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}
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/// Returns the raw bits.
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#[inline]
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pub fn bits(self) -> u16 {
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self.0
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}
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/// Convenience method for writing bits to specific range.
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#[inline]
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fn write(&mut self, range: RangeInclusive<u16>, value: u16) {
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assert!(ExactSizeIterator::len(&range) > 0);
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let size = range.end() - range.start() + 1; // Calculate the number of bits in the range.
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let mask = (1 << size) - 1; // Generate a bit mask.
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debug_assert!(
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value <= mask,
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"The written value should have fewer than {} bits.",
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size
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);
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let mask_complement = !(mask << *range.start()); // Create the bitwise complement for the clear mask.
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self.0 &= mask_complement; // Clear the bits in `range`.
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let value = (value & mask) << *range.start(); // Place the value in the correct location.
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self.0 |= value; // Modify the bits in `range`.
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}
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/// Convenience method for reading bits from a specific range.
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#[inline]
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fn read(self, range: RangeInclusive<u16>) -> u8 {
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assert!(ExactSizeIterator::len(&range) > 0);
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let size = range.end() - range.start() + 1; // Calculate the number of bits in the range.
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debug_assert!(size <= 8, "This structure expects ranges of at most 8 bits");
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let mask = (1 << size) - 1; // Generate a bit mask.
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((self.0 >> *range.start()) & mask) as u8
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}
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/// Instruction opcode byte, without the prefix.
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#[inline]
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pub fn opcode_byte(self) -> u8 {
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self.read(OPCODE)
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}
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/// Prefix kind for the instruction, as an enum.
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#[inline]
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pub fn prefix(self) -> OpcodePrefix {
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OpcodePrefix::from(self.read(OPCODE_PREFIX))
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}
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/// Extracts the PP bits of the OpcodePrefix.
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#[inline]
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pub fn pp(self) -> u8 {
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self.prefix().to_primitive() & 0x3
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}
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/// Extracts the MM bits of the OpcodePrefix.
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#[inline]
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pub fn mm(self) -> u8 {
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(self.prefix().to_primitive() >> 2) & 0x3
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}
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/// Bits for the ModR/M byte for certain opcodes.
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#[inline]
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pub fn rrr(self) -> u8 {
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self.read(RRR)
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}
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/// REX.W bit (or VEX.W/E).
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#[inline]
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pub fn rex_w(self) -> u8 {
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self.read(REX_W)
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}
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}
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/// Opcode prefix representation.
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///
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/// The prefix type occupies four of the EncodingBits.
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#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
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#[allow(missing_docs)]
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#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
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pub enum OpcodePrefix {
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Op1,
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Mp1_66,
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Mp1_f3,
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Mp1_f2,
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Op2_0f,
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Mp2_66_0f,
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Mp2_f3_0f,
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Mp2_f2_0f,
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Op3_0f_38,
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Mp3_66_0f_38,
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Mp3_f3_0f_38,
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Mp3_f2_0f_38,
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Op3_0f_3a,
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Mp3_66_0f_3a,
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Mp3_f3_0f_3a,
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Mp3_f2_0f_3a,
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}
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impl From<u8> for OpcodePrefix {
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fn from(n: u8) -> Self {
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use OpcodePrefix::*;
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match n {
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0b0000 => Op1,
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0b0001 => Mp1_66,
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0b0010 => Mp1_f3,
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0b0011 => Mp1_f2,
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0b0100 => Op2_0f,
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0b0101 => Mp2_66_0f,
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0b0110 => Mp2_f3_0f,
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0b0111 => Mp2_f2_0f,
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0b1000 => Op3_0f_38,
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0b1001 => Mp3_66_0f_38,
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0b1010 => Mp3_f3_0f_38,
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0b1011 => Mp3_f2_0f_38,
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0b1100 => Op3_0f_3a,
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0b1101 => Mp3_66_0f_3a,
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0b1110 => Mp3_f3_0f_3a,
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0b1111 => Mp3_f2_0f_3a,
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_ => panic!("invalid opcode prefix"),
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}
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}
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}
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impl Into<u8> for OpcodePrefix {
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fn into(self) -> u8 {
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use OpcodePrefix::*;
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match self {
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Op1 => 0b0000,
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Mp1_66 => 0b0001,
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Mp1_f3 => 0b0010,
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Mp1_f2 => 0b0011,
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Op2_0f => 0b0100,
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Mp2_66_0f => 0b0101,
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Mp2_f3_0f => 0b0110,
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Mp2_f2_0f => 0b0111,
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Op3_0f_38 => 0b1000,
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Mp3_66_0f_38 => 0b1001,
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Mp3_f3_0f_38 => 0b1010,
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Mp3_f2_0f_38 => 0b1011,
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Op3_0f_3a => 0b1100,
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Mp3_66_0f_3a => 0b1101,
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Mp3_f3_0f_3a => 0b1110,
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Mp3_f2_0f_3a => 0b1111,
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}
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}
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}
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impl OpcodePrefix {
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/// Convert an opcode prefix to a `u8`; this is a convenience proxy for `Into<u8>`.
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fn to_primitive(self) -> u8 {
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self.into()
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}
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/// Extracts the OpcodePrefix from the opcode.
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pub fn from_opcode(op_bytes: &[u8]) -> Self {
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assert!(!op_bytes.is_empty(), "at least one opcode byte");
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let prefix_bytes = &op_bytes[..op_bytes.len() - 1];
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match prefix_bytes {
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[] => Self::Op1,
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[0x66] => Self::Mp1_66,
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[0xf3] => Self::Mp1_f3,
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[0xf2] => Self::Mp1_f2,
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[0x0f] => Self::Op2_0f,
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[0x66, 0x0f] => Self::Mp2_66_0f,
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[0xf3, 0x0f] => Self::Mp2_f3_0f,
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[0xf2, 0x0f] => Self::Mp2_f2_0f,
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[0x0f, 0x38] => Self::Op3_0f_38,
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[0x66, 0x0f, 0x38] => Self::Mp3_66_0f_38,
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[0xf3, 0x0f, 0x38] => Self::Mp3_f3_0f_38,
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[0xf2, 0x0f, 0x38] => Self::Mp3_f2_0f_38,
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[0x0f, 0x3a] => Self::Op3_0f_3a,
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[0x66, 0x0f, 0x3a] => Self::Mp3_66_0f_3a,
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[0xf3, 0x0f, 0x3a] => Self::Mp3_f3_0f_3a,
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[0xf2, 0x0f, 0x3a] => Self::Mp3_f2_0f_3a,
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_ => {
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panic!("unexpected opcode sequence: {:?}", op_bytes);
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}
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}
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}
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/// Returns the recipe name prefix.
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///
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/// At the moment, each similar OpcodePrefix group is given its own Recipe.
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/// In order to distinguish them, this string is prefixed.
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pub fn recipe_name_prefix(self) -> &'static str {
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use OpcodePrefix::*;
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match self {
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Op1 => "Op1",
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Op2_0f => "Op2",
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Op3_0f_38 | Op3_0f_3a => "Op3",
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Mp1_66 | Mp1_f3 | Mp1_f2 => "Mp1",
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Mp2_66_0f | Mp2_f3_0f | Mp2_f2_0f => "Mp2",
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Mp3_66_0f_38 | Mp3_f3_0f_38 | Mp3_f2_0f_38 => "Mp3",
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Mp3_66_0f_3a | Mp3_f3_0f_3a | Mp3_f2_0f_3a => "Mp3",
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}
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}
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}
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod tests {
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use super::*;
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/// Helper function for prefix_roundtrip() to avoid long lines.
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fn test_roundtrip(p: OpcodePrefix) {
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assert_eq!(p, OpcodePrefix::from(p.to_primitive()));
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}
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/// Tests that to/from each opcode matches.
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#[test]
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fn prefix_roundtrip() {
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Op1);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp1_66);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp1_f3);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp1_f2);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Op2_0f);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp2_66_0f);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp2_f3_0f);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp2_f2_0f);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Op3_0f_38);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp3_66_0f_38);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp3_f3_0f_38);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp3_f2_0f_38);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Op3_0f_3a);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp3_66_0f_3a);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp3_f3_0f_3a);
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test_roundtrip(OpcodePrefix::Mp3_f2_0f_3a);
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}
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#[test]
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fn prefix_to_name() {
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assert_eq!(OpcodePrefix::Op1.recipe_name_prefix(), "Op1");
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assert_eq!(OpcodePrefix::Op2_0f.recipe_name_prefix(), "Op2");
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assert_eq!(OpcodePrefix::Op3_0f_38.recipe_name_prefix(), "Op3");
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assert_eq!(OpcodePrefix::Mp1_66.recipe_name_prefix(), "Mp1");
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assert_eq!(OpcodePrefix::Mp2_66_0f.recipe_name_prefix(), "Mp2");
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assert_eq!(OpcodePrefix::Mp3_66_0f_3a.recipe_name_prefix(), "Mp3");
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}
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/// Tests that the opcode_byte is the lower of the EncodingBits.
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#[test]
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|
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|
fn encodingbits_opcode_byte() {
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let enc = EncodingBits::from(0x00ff);
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|
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assert_eq!(enc.opcode_byte(), 0xff);
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|
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assert_eq!(enc.prefix().to_primitive(), 0x0);
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|
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assert_eq!(enc.rrr(), 0x0);
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|
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assert_eq!(enc.rex_w(), 0x0);
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|
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|
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|
|
let enc = EncodingBits::from(0x00cd);
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|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.opcode_byte(), 0xcd);
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|
|
|
}
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|
/// Tests that the OpcodePrefix is encoded correctly.
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|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_prefix() {
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|
|
|
|
let enc = EncodingBits::from(0x0c00);
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|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.opcode_byte(), 0x00);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.prefix().to_primitive(), 0xc);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.prefix(), OpcodePrefix::Op3_0f_3a);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rrr(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rex_w(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Tests that the PP bits are encoded correctly.
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_pp() {
|
|
|
|
|
let enc = EncodingBits::from(0x0300);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.opcode_byte(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.pp(), 0x3);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.mm(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rrr(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rex_w(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Tests that the MM bits are encoded correctly.
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_mm() {
|
|
|
|
|
let enc = EncodingBits::from(0x0c00);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.opcode_byte(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.pp(), 0x00);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.mm(), 0x3);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rrr(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rex_w(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Tests that the ModR/M bits are encoded correctly.
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_rrr() {
|
|
|
|
|
let enc = EncodingBits::from(0x5000);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.opcode_byte(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.prefix().to_primitive(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rrr(), 0x5);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rex_w(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Tests that the REX.W bit is encoded correctly.
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_rex_w() {
|
|
|
|
|
let enc = EncodingBits::from(0x8000);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.opcode_byte(), 0x00);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.prefix().to_primitive(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rrr(), 0x0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(enc.rex_w(), 0x1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Tests setting and unsetting a bit using EncodingBits::write.
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_flip() {
|
|
|
|
|
let mut bits = EncodingBits::from(0);
|
|
|
|
|
let range = 2..=2;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bits.write(range.clone(), 1);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(bits.bits(), 0b100);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bits.write(range, 0);
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(bits.bits(), 0b000);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Tests a round-trip of EncodingBits from/to a u16 (hardcoded endianness).
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_roundtrip() {
|
|
|
|
|
let bits: u16 = 0x1234;
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(EncodingBits::from(bits).bits(), bits);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
// I purposely want to divide the bits using the ranges defined above.
|
|
|
|
|
#[allow(clippy::inconsistent_digit_grouping)]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_construction() {
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(
|
|
|
|
|
EncodingBits::new(&[0x66, 0x40], 5, 1).bits(),
|
|
|
|
|
0b1_101_0001_01000000 // 1 = rex_w, 101 = rrr, 0001 = prefix, 01000000 = opcode
|
|
|
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
#[should_panic]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_panics_at_write_to_invalid_range() {
|
|
|
|
|
EncodingBits::from(0).write(1..=0, 42);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
#[should_panic]
|
|
|
|
|
fn encodingbits_panics_at_read_to_invalid_range() {
|
|
|
|
|
EncodingBits::from(0).read(1..=0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|