diff --git a/crates/jit/src/instantiate.rs b/crates/jit/src/instantiate.rs
index 5527051ecd..3ff67d9c7a 100644
--- a/crates/jit/src/instantiate.rs
+++ b/crates/jit/src/instantiate.rs
@@ -176,11 +176,13 @@ struct FinishedFunctions(PrimaryMap<DefinedFuncIndex, *mut [VMFunctionBody]>);
 unsafe impl Send for FinishedFunctions {}
 unsafe impl Sync for FinishedFunctions {}
 
+/// Information about a function, such as trap information, address map,
+/// and stack maps.
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
-struct FunctionInfo {
-    traps: Vec<TrapInformation>,
-    address_map: FunctionAddressMap,
-    stack_maps: Vec<StackMapInformation>,
+pub struct FunctionInfo {
+    pub traps: Vec<TrapInformation>,
+    pub address_map: FunctionAddressMap,
+    pub stack_maps: Vec<StackMapInformation>,
 }
 
 /// This is intended to mirror the type tables in `wasmtime_environ`, except that
@@ -362,18 +364,10 @@ impl CompiledModule {
     }
 
     /// Gets the function information for a given function index.
-    pub fn func_info(
-        &self,
-        index: DefinedFuncIndex,
-    ) -> (
-        &FunctionAddressMap,
-        &[TrapInformation],
-        &[StackMapInformation],
-    ) {
+    pub fn func_info(&self, index: DefinedFuncIndex) -> &FunctionInfo {
         self.artifacts
             .funcs
             .get(index)
-            .map(|f| (&f.address_map, f.traps.as_ref(), f.stack_maps.as_ref()))
             .expect("defined function should be present")
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/runtime/src/externref.rs b/crates/runtime/src/externref.rs
index 0606a941e6..44a60ce797 100644
--- a/crates/runtime/src/externref.rs
+++ b/crates/runtime/src/externref.rs
@@ -742,14 +742,22 @@ impl VMExternRefActivationsTable {
 }
 
 /// Used by the runtime to lookup a stack map from a PC value.
-pub trait StackMapLookup {
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// This trait is unsafe as it returns pointers to a stack map without
+/// any clear ownership.
+///
+/// It is the responsibility of the caller to not have the pointer outlive
+/// the stack map lookup trait object.
+pub unsafe trait StackMapLookup {
     /// Lookup the stack map at a program counter (PC) value.
     fn lookup(&self, pc: usize) -> Option<*const StackMap>;
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct EmptyStackMapLookup;
 
-impl StackMapLookup for EmptyStackMapLookup {
+unsafe impl StackMapLookup for EmptyStackMapLookup {
     fn lookup(&self, _pc: usize) -> Option<*const StackMap> {
         None
     }
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/engine.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/engine.rs
index 54d8769d19..acafaa5797 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/engine.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/engine.rs
@@ -1,24 +1,34 @@
-use crate::signatures::{SharedSignatures, SignatureRegistry, TrampolineMap};
+use crate::signatures::{SignatureCollection, SignatureRegistry};
 use crate::Config;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 #[cfg(feature = "cache")]
 use wasmtime_cache::CacheConfig;
-use wasmtime_environ::{
-    entity::PrimaryMap,
-    wasm::{SignatureIndex, WasmFuncType},
-};
 use wasmtime_jit::Compiler;
-use wasmtime_runtime::{
-    debug_builtins, InstanceAllocator, InstanceHandle, VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc,
-    VMSharedSignatureIndex, VMTrampoline,
-};
+use wasmtime_runtime::{debug_builtins, InstanceAllocator, InstanceHandle, VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc};
 
-#[derive(Default)]
+/// This is used as a Send+Sync wrapper around two data structures relating to
+/// host functions defined on `Config`:
+///
+/// * `anyfuncs` - this stores a mapping between the host function instance and
+///   a `VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc` that can be used as the function's value in Wasmtime's ABI.
+///   The address of the anyfunc needs to be stable, thus the boxed value.
+///
+/// * `signatures` - this stores the collection of shared signatures registered for every
+///   usable host functions with this engine.
 struct EngineHostFuncs {
     anyfuncs: HashMap<InstanceHandle, Box<VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc>>,
-    trampolines: TrampolineMap,
+    signatures: SignatureCollection,
+}
+
+impl EngineHostFuncs {
+    fn new(registry: &SignatureRegistry) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            anyfuncs: HashMap::new(),
+            signatures: SignatureCollection::new(registry),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 // This is safe for send and sync as it is read-only once the
@@ -58,18 +68,10 @@ struct EngineInner {
     config: Config,
     compiler: Compiler,
     allocator: Box<dyn InstanceAllocator>,
-    signatures: RwLock<SignatureRegistry>,
+    signatures: SignatureRegistry,
     host_funcs: EngineHostFuncs,
 }
 
-impl Drop for EngineInner {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        let mut signatures = self.signatures.write().unwrap();
-        signatures.unregister(self.host_funcs.trampolines.indexes());
-        assert!(signatures.is_empty());
-    }
-}
-
 impl Engine {
     /// Creates a new [`Engine`] with the specified compilation and
     /// configuration settings.
@@ -77,20 +79,20 @@ impl Engine {
         debug_builtins::ensure_exported();
         config.validate()?;
         let allocator = config.build_allocator()?;
-        let mut signatures = SignatureRegistry::default();
-        let mut host_funcs = EngineHostFuncs::default();
+        let registry = SignatureRegistry::new();
+        let mut host_funcs = EngineHostFuncs::new(&registry);
 
-        // Register all the host function signatures
+        // Register all the host function signatures with the collection
         for func in config.host_funcs() {
-            let sig = signatures.register(func.ty.as_wasm_func_type());
+            let sig = host_funcs
+                .signatures
+                .register(func.ty.as_wasm_func_type(), func.trampoline);
 
             // Cloning the instance handle is safe as host functions outlive the engine
             host_funcs.anyfuncs.insert(
                 unsafe { func.instance.clone() },
                 Box::new(func.anyfunc(sig)),
             );
-
-            host_funcs.trampolines.insert(sig, func.trampoline);
         }
 
         Ok(Engine {
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ impl Engine {
                 config: config.clone(),
                 compiler: config.build_compiler(allocator.as_ref()),
                 allocator,
-                signatures: RwLock::new(signatures),
+                signatures: registry,
                 host_funcs,
             }),
         })
@@ -128,40 +130,12 @@ impl Engine {
         Arc::ptr_eq(&a.inner, &b.inner)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn register_module_signatures(
-        &self,
-        signatures: &PrimaryMap<SignatureIndex, WasmFuncType>,
-        trampolines: impl Iterator<Item = (SignatureIndex, VMTrampoline)>,
-    ) -> (SharedSignatures, TrampolineMap) {
-        self.inner
-            .signatures
-            .write()
-            .unwrap()
-            .register_module(signatures, trampolines)
+    pub(crate) fn signatures(&self) -> &SignatureRegistry {
+        &self.inner.signatures
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn register_signature(&self, ty: &WasmFuncType) -> VMSharedSignatureIndex {
-        self.inner.signatures.write().unwrap().register(ty)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn unregister_signatures(
-        &self,
-        indexes: impl Iterator<Item = VMSharedSignatureIndex>,
-    ) {
-        self.inner.signatures.write().unwrap().unregister(indexes);
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn lookup_func_type(&self, index: VMSharedSignatureIndex) -> Option<WasmFuncType> {
-        self.inner
-            .signatures
-            .read()
-            .unwrap()
-            .lookup_type(index)
-            .cloned()
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn host_func_trampolines(&self) -> &TrampolineMap {
-        &self.inner.host_funcs.trampolines
+    pub(crate) fn host_func_signatures(&self) -> &SignatureCollection {
+        &self.inner.host_funcs.signatures
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn host_func_anyfunc(
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/func.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/func.rs
index 6bb24597e1..0319ee0002 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/func.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/func.rs
@@ -778,31 +778,20 @@ impl Func {
             self.instance
                 .store
                 .engine()
-                .lookup_func_type(self.sig_index())
+                .signatures()
+                .lookup_type(self.sig_index())
                 .expect("signature should be registered"),
         )
     }
 
     /// Returns the number of parameters that this function takes.
     pub fn param_arity(&self) -> usize {
-        let sig = self
-            .instance
-            .store
-            .engine()
-            .lookup_func_type(self.sig_index())
-            .expect("signature should be registered");
-        sig.params.len()
+        self.ty().params().len()
     }
 
     /// Returns the number of results this function produces.
     pub fn result_arity(&self) -> usize {
-        let sig = self
-            .instance
-            .store
-            .engine()
-            .lookup_func_type(self.sig_index())
-            .expect("signature should be registered");
-        sig.returns.len()
+        self.ty().results().len()
     }
 
     /// Invokes this function with the `params` given, returning the results and
@@ -927,7 +916,7 @@ impl Func {
         Func {
             instance: store.existing_vmctx(anyfunc.vmctx),
             export: export.clone(),
-            trampoline: store.lookup_trampoline(anyfunc.type_index),
+            trampoline: store.lookup_trampoline(&*anyfunc),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1813,7 +1802,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_into_func {
                 // If not given a store, use a default signature index that is guaranteed to trap.
                 // If the function is called indirectly without first being associated with a store (a bug condition).
                 let shared_signature_id = store
-                    .map(|s| s.register_signature(ty.as_wasm_func_type(), trampoline))
+                    .map(|s| s.signatures().borrow_mut().register(ty.as_wasm_func_type(), trampoline))
                     .unwrap_or(VMSharedSignatureIndex::default());
 
                 let instance = unsafe {
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/instance.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/instance.rs
index a30ef98414..cf807aee6a 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/instance.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/instance.rs
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ use wasmtime_environ::wasm::{
 };
 use wasmtime_environ::Initializer;
 use wasmtime_runtime::{
-    Imports, InstanceAllocationRequest, InstantiationError, RuntimeInstance, StackMapLookup,
-    VMContext, VMExternRefActivationsTable, VMFunctionBody, VMFunctionImport, VMGlobalImport,
-    VMMemoryImport, VMTableImport,
+    Imports, InstanceAllocationRequest, InstantiationError, RuntimeInstance, VMContext,
+    VMExternRefActivationsTable, VMFunctionBody, VMFunctionImport, VMGlobalImport, VMMemoryImport,
+    VMTableImport,
 };
 
 /// An instantiated WebAssembly module.
@@ -506,10 +506,9 @@ impl<'a> Instantiator<'a> {
     fn instantiate_raw(&self) -> Result<StoreInstanceHandle> {
         let compiled_module = self.cur.module.compiled_module();
 
-        // Register the module just before instantiation to ensure we have a
-        // trampoline registered for every signature and to preserve the module's
-        // compiled JIT code within the `Store`.
-        self.store.register_module(&self.cur.module);
+        // Register the module just before instantiation to ensure we keep the module
+        // properly referenced while in use by the store.
+        self.store.modules().borrow_mut().register(&self.cur.module);
 
         unsafe {
             let engine = self.store.engine();
@@ -519,13 +518,13 @@ impl<'a> Instantiator<'a> {
                 module: compiled_module.module().clone(),
                 finished_functions: compiled_module.finished_functions(),
                 imports: self.cur.build(),
-                shared_signatures: self.cur.module.signatures().into(),
+                shared_signatures: self.cur.module.signatures().as_module_map().into(),
                 host_state: Box::new(()),
                 interrupts: self.store.interrupts(),
                 externref_activations_table: self.store.externref_activations_table()
                     as *const VMExternRefActivationsTable
                     as *mut _,
-                stack_map_lookup: Some(self.store.stack_map_lookup() as *const dyn StackMapLookup),
+                stack_map_lookup: Some(std::mem::transmute(self.store.stack_map_lookup())),
             })?;
 
             // After we've created the `InstanceHandle` we still need to run
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/module.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/module.rs
index 7e1db3c876..af108d2bac 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/module.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/module.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{
-    signatures::{SharedSignatures, TrampolineMap},
+    signatures::SignatureCollection,
     types::{ExportType, ExternType, ImportType},
 };
 use crate::{Engine, ModuleType};
@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ use wasmparser::Validator;
 #[cfg(feature = "cache")]
 use wasmtime_cache::ModuleCacheEntry;
 use wasmtime_environ::entity::PrimaryMap;
-use wasmtime_environ::wasm::{ModuleIndex, SignatureIndex};
+use wasmtime_environ::wasm::ModuleIndex;
 use wasmtime_jit::{CompilationArtifacts, CompiledModule, TypeTables};
-use wasmtime_runtime::VMSharedSignatureIndex;
 
 mod registry;
 mod serialization;
@@ -21,26 +20,6 @@ mod serialization;
 pub use registry::{FrameInfo, FrameSymbol, GlobalModuleRegistry, ModuleRegistry};
 pub use serialization::SerializedModule;
 
-// A wrapper around registered signatures and trampolines that will automatically
-/// unregister the signatures when dropped.
-pub(crate) struct ModuleSharedSignatures {
-    engine: Engine,
-    signatures: SharedSignatures,
-    trampolines: TrampolineMap,
-}
-
-impl Drop for ModuleSharedSignatures {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        if !self.signatures.is_empty() {
-            // Use the shared signatures map to unregister as not every registered
-            // signature will have a trampoline, but every index in the trampoline map
-            // will be present in the shared signatures map.
-            self.engine
-                .unregister_signatures(self.signatures.values().cloned());
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// A compiled WebAssembly module, ready to be instantiated.
 ///
 /// A `Module` is a compiled in-memory representation of an input WebAssembly
@@ -129,7 +108,7 @@ struct ModuleInner {
     /// modules.
     types: Arc<TypeTables>,
     /// Registered shared signature for the module.
-    signatures: Arc<ModuleSharedSignatures>,
+    signatures: Arc<SignatureCollection>,
 }
 
 impl Module {
@@ -350,10 +329,11 @@ impl Module {
         // Validate the module can be used with the current allocator
         engine.allocator().validate(modules[main_module].module())?;
 
-        let (signatures, trampolines) = engine.register_module_signatures(
+        let signatures = Arc::new(SignatureCollection::new_for_module(
+            engine.signatures(),
             &types.wasm_signatures,
             modules.iter().flat_map(|m| m.trampolines().iter().cloned()),
-        );
+        ));
 
         let module = modules.remove(main_module);
 
@@ -364,11 +344,7 @@ impl Module {
                 types: Arc::new(types),
                 artifact_upvars: modules,
                 module_upvars: Vec::new(),
-                signatures: Arc::new(ModuleSharedSignatures {
-                    engine: engine.clone(),
-                    signatures,
-                    trampolines,
-                }),
+                signatures,
             }),
         })
     }
@@ -488,11 +464,7 @@ impl Module {
         &self.inner.types
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn signatures(&self) -> &PrimaryMap<SignatureIndex, VMSharedSignatureIndex> {
-        &self.inner.signatures.signatures
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn shared_signatures(&self) -> &Arc<ModuleSharedSignatures> {
+    pub(crate) fn signatures(&self) -> &Arc<SignatureCollection> {
         &self.inner.signatures
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/module/registry.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/module/registry.rs
index bec0434a91..3691c38834 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/module/registry.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/module/registry.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Implements a registry of modules for a store.
 
-use crate::{module::ModuleSharedSignatures, Module};
+use crate::{signatures::SignatureCollection, Module};
 use std::{
     collections::BTreeMap,
     sync::{Arc, Mutex},
@@ -9,12 +9,17 @@ use wasmtime_environ::{
     entity::EntityRef, ir, wasm::DefinedFuncIndex, FunctionAddressMap, TrapInformation,
 };
 use wasmtime_jit::CompiledModule;
-use wasmtime_runtime::{VMSharedSignatureIndex, VMTrampoline};
+use wasmtime_runtime::{VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc, VMTrampoline};
 
 lazy_static::lazy_static! {
     static ref GLOBAL_MODULES: Mutex<GlobalModuleRegistry> = Default::default();
 }
 
+fn func_by_pc(module: &CompiledModule, pc: usize) -> Option<(DefinedFuncIndex, u32)> {
+    let (index, start, _) = module.func_by_pc(pc)?;
+    Some((index, (pc - start) as u32))
+}
+
 /// Used for registering modules with a store.
 ///
 /// The map is from the ending (exclusive) address for the module code to
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ impl ModuleRegistry {
         let compiled_module = module.compiled_module();
         let (start, end) = compiled_module.code().range();
 
-        // Ignore modules with no code, finished functions, or if the module is already registered
+        // Ignore modules with no code or finished functions
         if start == end || compiled_module.finished_functions().is_empty() {
             return;
         }
@@ -71,7 +76,10 @@ impl ModuleRegistry {
         // may be a valid PC value
         let end = end - 1;
 
-        if self.0.get(&end).is_some() {
+        // Ensure the module isn't already present in the registry
+        // This is expected when a module is instantiated multiple times in the same store
+        if let Some(m) = self.0.get(&end) {
+            assert_eq!(m.start, start);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -89,7 +97,7 @@ impl ModuleRegistry {
             RegisteredModule {
                 start,
                 module: compiled_module.clone(),
-                signatures: module.shared_signatures().clone(),
+                signatures: module.signatures().clone(),
             },
         );
         assert!(prev.is_none());
@@ -97,18 +105,10 @@ impl ModuleRegistry {
         GLOBAL_MODULES.lock().unwrap().register(start, end, module);
     }
 
-    /// Looks up a trampoline from a shared signature index.
-    ///
-    /// This will search all modules associated with the store for a suitable trampoline
-    /// given the shared signature index.
-    pub fn lookup_trampoline(&self, index: VMSharedSignatureIndex) -> Option<VMTrampoline> {
-        for (_, m) in &self.0 {
-            if let Some(trampoline) = m.signatures.trampolines.get(index) {
-                return Some(trampoline);
-            }
-        }
-
-        None
+    /// Looks up a trampoline from an anyfunc.
+    pub fn lookup_trampoline(&self, anyfunc: &VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc) -> Option<VMTrampoline> {
+        let module = self.module(anyfunc.func_ptr.as_ptr() as usize)?;
+        module.signatures.trampoline(anyfunc.type_index)
     }
 }
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ impl Drop for ModuleRegistry {
 struct RegisteredModule {
     start: usize,
     module: Arc<CompiledModule>,
-    signatures: Arc<ModuleSharedSignatures>,
+    signatures: Arc<SignatureCollection>,
 }
 
 impl RegisteredModule {
@@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ impl RegisteredModule {
     /// Returns an object if this `pc` is known to this module, or returns `None`
     /// if no information can be found.
     pub fn lookup_frame_info(&self, pc: usize) -> Option<FrameInfo> {
-        let (index, offset) = self.func(pc)?;
-        let (addr_map, _, _) = self.module.func_info(index);
-        let pos = Self::instr_pos(offset, addr_map);
+        let (index, offset) = func_by_pc(&self.module, pc)?;
+        let info = self.module.func_info(index);
+        let pos = Self::instr_pos(offset, &info.address_map);
 
         // In debug mode for now assert that we found a mapping for `pc` within
         // the function, because otherwise something is buggy along the way and
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ impl RegisteredModule {
         debug_assert!(pos.is_some(), "failed to find instruction for {:x}", pc);
 
         let instr = match pos {
-            Some(pos) => addr_map.instructions[pos].srcloc,
-            None => addr_map.start_srcloc,
+            Some(pos) => info.address_map.instructions[pos].srcloc,
+            None => info.address_map.start_srcloc,
         };
 
         // Use our wasm-relative pc to symbolize this frame. If there's a
@@ -193,25 +193,26 @@ impl RegisteredModule {
             func_index: index.index() as u32,
             func_name: module.func_names.get(&index).cloned(),
             instr,
-            func_start: addr_map.start_srcloc,
+            func_start: info.address_map.start_srcloc,
             symbols,
         })
     }
 
     /// Fetches trap information about a program counter in a backtrace.
     pub fn lookup_trap_info(&self, pc: usize) -> Option<&TrapInformation> {
-        let (index, offset) = self.func(pc)?;
-        let (_, traps, _) = self.module.func_info(index);
-        let idx = traps
+        let (index, offset) = func_by_pc(&self.module, pc)?;
+        let info = self.module.func_info(index);
+        let idx = info
+            .traps
             .binary_search_by_key(&offset, |info| info.code_offset)
             .ok()?;
-        Some(&traps[idx])
+        Some(&info.traps[idx])
     }
 
     /// Looks up a stack map from a program counter
     pub fn lookup_stack_map(&self, pc: usize) -> Option<&ir::StackMap> {
-        let (index, offset) = self.func(pc)?;
-        let (_, _, stack_maps) = self.module.func_info(index);
+        let (index, offset) = func_by_pc(&self.module, pc)?;
+        let info = self.module.func_info(index);
 
         // Do a binary search to find the stack map for the given offset.
         //
@@ -255,7 +256,10 @@ impl RegisteredModule {
         //    or reload from the stack slots (which would have been updated to
         //    point to the moved objects).
 
-        let index = match stack_maps.binary_search_by_key(&offset, |i| i.code_offset) {
+        let index = match info
+            .stack_maps
+            .binary_search_by_key(&offset, |i| i.code_offset)
+        {
             // Exact hit.
             Ok(i) => i,
 
@@ -269,12 +273,7 @@ impl RegisteredModule {
             Err(i) => i - 1,
         };
 
-        Some(&stack_maps[index].stack_map)
-    }
-
-    fn func(&self, pc: usize) -> Option<(DefinedFuncIndex, u32)> {
-        let (index, start, _) = self.module.func_by_pc(pc)?;
-        Some((index, (pc - start) as u32))
+        Some(&info.stack_maps[index].stack_map)
     }
 
     fn instr_pos(offset: u32, addr_map: &FunctionAddressMap) -> Option<usize> {
@@ -298,6 +297,17 @@ impl RegisteredModule {
     }
 }
 
+// Counterpart to `RegisteredModule`, but stored in the global registry.
+struct GlobalRegisteredModule {
+    start: usize,
+    module: Arc<CompiledModule>,
+    /// Note that modules can be instantiated in many stores, so the purpose of
+    /// this field is to keep track of how many stores have registered a
+    /// module. Information is only removed from the global registry when this
+    /// reference count reaches 0.
+    references: usize,
+}
+
 /// This is the global module registry that stores information for all modules
 /// that are currently in use by any `Store`.
 ///
@@ -318,18 +328,18 @@ impl GlobalModuleRegistry {
     /// Returns whether the `pc`, according to globally registered information,
     /// is a wasm trap or not.
     pub(crate) fn is_wasm_pc(pc: usize) -> bool {
-        let info = GLOBAL_MODULES.lock().unwrap();
+        let modules = GLOBAL_MODULES.lock().unwrap();
 
-        match info.0.range(pc..).next() {
-            Some((end, info)) => {
-                if pc < info.module.start || *end < pc {
+        match modules.0.range(pc..).next() {
+            Some((end, entry)) => {
+                if pc < entry.start || *end < pc {
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                match info.module.func(pc) {
+                match func_by_pc(&entry.module, pc) {
                     Some((index, offset)) => {
-                        let (addr_map, _, _) = info.module.module.func_info(index);
-                        RegisteredModule::instr_pos(offset, addr_map).is_some()
+                        let info = entry.module.func_info(index);
+                        RegisteredModule::instr_pos(offset, &info.address_map).is_some()
                     }
                     None => false,
                 }
@@ -342,18 +352,15 @@ impl GlobalModuleRegistry {
     /// the given function information, with the global information.
     fn register(&mut self, start: usize, end: usize, module: &Module) {
         let info = self.0.entry(end).or_insert_with(|| GlobalRegisteredModule {
-            module: RegisteredModule {
-                start,
-                module: module.compiled_module().clone(),
-                signatures: module.shared_signatures().clone(),
-            },
+            start,
+            module: module.compiled_module().clone(),
             references: 0,
         });
 
         // Note that ideally we'd debug_assert that the information previously
         // stored, if any, matches the `functions` we were given, but for now we
         // just do some simple checks to hope it's the same.
-        assert_eq!(info.module.start, start);
+        assert_eq!(info.start, start);
         info.references += 1;
     }
 
@@ -368,17 +375,6 @@ impl GlobalModuleRegistry {
     }
 }
 
-/// This is the equivalent of `RegisteredModule` except it keeps a reference count.
-struct GlobalRegisteredModule {
-    module: RegisteredModule,
-
-    /// Note that modules can be instantiated in many stores, so the purpose of
-    /// this field is to keep track of how many stores have registered a
-    /// module. Information is only removed from the global registry when this
-    /// reference count reaches 0.
-    references: usize,
-}
-
 /// Description of a frame in a backtrace for a [`Trap`].
 ///
 /// Whenever a WebAssembly trap occurs an instance of [`Trap`] is created. Each
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/module/serialization.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/module/serialization.rs
index 1d74aaaf43..0d2836889e 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/module/serialization.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/module/serialization.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Implements module serialization.
 
-use super::{ModuleInner, ModuleSharedSignatures};
-use crate::{Engine, Module, OptLevel};
+use super::ModuleInner;
+use crate::{signatures::SignatureCollection, Engine, Module, OptLevel};
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
 use bincode::Options;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -300,16 +300,11 @@ impl<'a> SerializedModule<'a> {
             .allocator()
             .validate(modules.last().unwrap().module())?;
 
-        let (signatures, trampolines) = engine.register_module_signatures(
+        let signatures = Arc::new(SignatureCollection::new_for_module(
+            engine.signatures(),
             &types.wasm_signatures,
             modules.iter().flat_map(|m| m.trampolines().iter().cloned()),
-        );
-
-        let signatures = Arc::new(ModuleSharedSignatures {
-            engine: engine.clone(),
-            signatures,
-            trampolines,
-        });
+        ));
 
         let module = modules.pop().unwrap();
 
@@ -347,7 +342,7 @@ impl<'a> SerializedModule<'a> {
             module_index: usize,
             artifact_upvars: &[usize],
             module_upvars: &[SerializedModuleUpvar],
-            signatures: &Arc<ModuleSharedSignatures>,
+            signatures: &Arc<SignatureCollection>,
         ) -> Result<Module> {
             Ok(Module {
                 inner: Arc::new(ModuleInner {
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/signatures.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/signatures.rs
index bd68f0d8ce..2faf3fa059 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/signatures.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/signatures.rs
@@ -1,61 +1,108 @@
 //! Implement a registry of function signatures, for fast indirect call
 //! signature checking.
 
-use std::collections::{hash_map::Entry, HashMap};
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::{
+    collections::{hash_map::Entry, HashMap},
+    sync::RwLock,
+};
+use std::{convert::TryFrom, sync::Arc};
 use wasmtime_environ::entity::PrimaryMap;
 use wasmtime_environ::wasm::{SignatureIndex, WasmFuncType};
 use wasmtime_runtime::{VMSharedSignatureIndex, VMTrampoline};
 
-/// Represents a mapping of shared signature index to trampolines.
+/// Represents a collection of shared signatures.
 ///
-/// This is used in various places to store trampolines associated with shared
-/// signature indexes.
+/// This is used to register shared signatures with a shared signature registry.
 ///
-/// As multiple trampolines may exist for a single signature, the map entries
-/// are internally reference counted.
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct TrampolineMap(HashMap<VMSharedSignatureIndex, (usize, VMTrampoline)>);
+/// The collection will unregister any contained signatures with the registry
+/// when dropped.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SignatureCollection {
+    registry: Arc<RwLock<SignatureRegistryInner>>,
+    signatures: PrimaryMap<SignatureIndex, VMSharedSignatureIndex>,
+    trampolines: HashMap<VMSharedSignatureIndex, (usize, VMTrampoline)>,
+}
 
-impl TrampolineMap {
-    /// Inserts a trampoline into the map.
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, index: VMSharedSignatureIndex, trampoline: VMTrampoline) {
-        let entry = match self.0.entry(index) {
+impl SignatureCollection {
+    /// Creates a new, empty signature collection given a signature registry.
+    pub fn new(registry: &SignatureRegistry) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            registry: registry.0.clone(),
+            signatures: PrimaryMap::new(),
+            trampolines: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a signature collection for a module given the module's signatures
+    /// and trampolines.
+    pub fn new_for_module(
+        registry: &SignatureRegistry,
+        signatures: &PrimaryMap<SignatureIndex, WasmFuncType>,
+        trampolines: impl Iterator<Item = (SignatureIndex, VMTrampoline)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let (signatures, trampolines) = registry
+            .0
+            .write()
+            .unwrap()
+            .register_for_module(signatures, trampolines);
+
+        Self {
+            registry: registry.0.clone(),
+            signatures,
+            trampolines,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Treats the signature collection as a map from a module signature index to
+    /// registered shared signature indexes.
+    ///
+    /// This is used for looking up module shared signature indexes during module
+    /// instantiation.
+    pub fn as_module_map(&self) -> &PrimaryMap<SignatureIndex, VMSharedSignatureIndex> {
+        &self.signatures
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the shared signature index given a module signature index.
+    pub fn shared_signature(&self, index: SignatureIndex) -> Option<VMSharedSignatureIndex> {
+        self.signatures.get(index).copied()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets a trampoline for a registered signature.
+    pub fn trampoline(&self, index: VMSharedSignatureIndex) -> Option<VMTrampoline> {
+        self.trampolines
+            .get(&index)
+            .map(|(_, trampoline)| *trampoline)
+    }
+
+    /// Registers a single function with the collection.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the shared signature index for the function.
+    pub fn register(
+        &mut self,
+        ty: &WasmFuncType,
+        trampoline: VMTrampoline,
+    ) -> VMSharedSignatureIndex {
+        let index = self.registry.write().unwrap().register(ty);
+
+        let entry = match self.trampolines.entry(index) {
             Entry::Occupied(e) => e.into_mut(),
             Entry::Vacant(e) => e.insert((0, trampoline)),
         };
 
         // Increment the ref count
         entry.0 += 1;
-    }
 
-    /// Gets a trampoline from the map.
-    pub fn get(&self, index: VMSharedSignatureIndex) -> Option<VMTrampoline> {
-        self.0.get(&index).map(|(_, trampoline)| *trampoline)
-    }
-
-    /// Iterates the shared signature indexes stored in the map.
-    ///
-    /// A shared signature index will be returned by the iterator for every
-    /// trampoline registered for that index, so duplicates may be present.
-    ///
-    /// This iterator can be used for deregistering signatures with the
-    /// signature registry.
-    pub fn indexes<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = VMSharedSignatureIndex> + 'a {
-        self.0
-            .iter()
-            .flat_map(|(index, (count, _))| std::iter::repeat(*index).take(*count))
-    }
-
-    /// Determines if the trampoline map is empty.
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.0.is_empty()
+        index
     }
 }
 
-/// Represents a map between module signature indexes and
-/// shared signature indexes.
-pub type SharedSignatures = PrimaryMap<SignatureIndex, VMSharedSignatureIndex>;
+impl Drop for SignatureCollection {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if !self.signatures.is_empty() || !self.trampolines.is_empty() {
+            self.registry.write().unwrap().unregister_signatures(self);
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct RegistryEntry {
@@ -63,44 +110,37 @@ struct RegistryEntry {
     ty: WasmFuncType,
 }
 
-/// WebAssembly requires that the caller and callee signatures in an indirect
-/// call must match. To implement this efficiently, keep a registry of all
-/// signatures, shared by all instances, so that call sites can just do an
-/// index comparison.
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct SignatureRegistry {
+struct SignatureRegistryInner {
     map: HashMap<WasmFuncType, VMSharedSignatureIndex>,
     entries: Vec<Option<RegistryEntry>>,
     free: Vec<VMSharedSignatureIndex>,
 }
 
-impl SignatureRegistry {
-    /// Registers a module with the signature registry from the collection of
-    /// all signatures and trampolines in the module.
-    pub fn register_module(
+impl SignatureRegistryInner {
+    fn register_for_module(
         &mut self,
         signatures: &PrimaryMap<SignatureIndex, WasmFuncType>,
         trampolines: impl Iterator<Item = (SignatureIndex, VMTrampoline)>,
-    ) -> (SharedSignatures, TrampolineMap) {
-        let mut sigs = SharedSignatures::default();
-        let mut map = TrampolineMap::default();
+    ) -> (
+        PrimaryMap<SignatureIndex, VMSharedSignatureIndex>,
+        HashMap<VMSharedSignatureIndex, (usize, VMTrampoline)>,
+    ) {
+        let mut sigs = PrimaryMap::default();
+        let mut map = HashMap::default();
 
         for (_, ty) in signatures.iter() {
             sigs.push(self.register(ty));
         }
 
         for (index, trampoline) in trampolines {
-            let index = self.map[&signatures[index]];
-            map.insert(index, trampoline);
+            map.insert(sigs[index], (1, trampoline));
         }
 
         (sigs, map)
     }
 
-    /// Registers a single signature with the registry.
-    ///
-    /// This is used for registering host functions created with the Wasmtime API.
-    pub fn register(&mut self, ty: &WasmFuncType) -> VMSharedSignatureIndex {
+    fn register(&mut self, ty: &WasmFuncType) -> VMSharedSignatureIndex {
         let len = self.map.len();
 
         let index = match self.map.entry(ty.clone()) {
@@ -124,6 +164,10 @@ impl SignatureRegistry {
                     }
                 };
 
+                // The entry should be missing for one just allocated or
+                // taken from the free list
+                assert!(entry.is_none());
+
                 *entry = Some(RegistryEntry {
                     references: 0,
                     ty: ty.clone(),
@@ -141,45 +185,78 @@ impl SignatureRegistry {
         index
     }
 
-    /// Unregisters a collection of shared indexes from the registry.
-    pub fn unregister(&mut self, indexes: impl Iterator<Item = VMSharedSignatureIndex>) {
-        for index in indexes {
-            let removed = {
-                let entry = self.entries[index.bits() as usize].as_mut().unwrap();
-
-                debug_assert!(entry.references > 0);
-                entry.references -= 1;
-
-                if entry.references == 0 {
-                    self.map.remove(&entry.ty);
-                    self.free.push(index);
-                    true
-                } else {
-                    false
-                }
-            };
-
-            if removed {
-                self.entries[index.bits() as usize] = None;
+    fn unregister_signatures(&mut self, collection: &SignatureCollection) {
+        // If the collection has a populated signatures map, use it to deregister
+        // This is always 1:1 from entry to registration
+        if !collection.signatures.is_empty() {
+            for (_, index) in collection.signatures.iter() {
+                self.unregister_entry(*index, 1);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Otherwise, use the trampolines map, which has reference counts related
+            // to the stored index
+            for (index, (count, _)) in collection.trampolines.iter() {
+                self.unregister_entry(*index, *count);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    /// Looks up a function type from a shared signature index.
-    pub fn lookup_type(&self, index: VMSharedSignatureIndex) -> Option<&WasmFuncType> {
-        self.entries
-            .get(index.bits() as usize)
-            .and_then(|e| e.as_ref().map(|e| &e.ty))
-    }
+    fn unregister_entry(&mut self, index: VMSharedSignatureIndex, count: usize) {
+        let removed = {
+            let entry = self.entries[index.bits() as usize].as_mut().unwrap();
 
-    /// Determines if the registry is semantically empty.
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        // If the map is empty, assert that all remaining entries are "free"
-        if self.map.is_empty() {
-            assert!(self.free.len() == self.entries.len());
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
+            debug_assert!(entry.references >= count);
+            entry.references -= count;
+
+            if entry.references == 0 {
+                self.map.remove(&entry.ty);
+                self.free.push(index);
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        };
+
+        if removed {
+            self.entries[index.bits() as usize] = None;
         }
     }
 }
+
+// `SignatureRegistryInner` implements `Drop` in debug builds to assert that
+// all signatures have been unregistered for the registry.
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+impl Drop for SignatureRegistryInner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        assert!(
+            self.map.is_empty() && self.free.len() == self.entries.len(),
+            "signature registry not empty"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implements a shared signature registry.
+///
+/// WebAssembly requires that the caller and callee signatures in an indirect
+/// call must match. To implement this efficiently, keep a registry of all
+/// signatures, shared by all instances, so that call sites can just do an
+/// index comparison.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SignatureRegistry(Arc<RwLock<SignatureRegistryInner>>);
+
+impl SignatureRegistry {
+    /// Creates a new shared signature registry.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::new(RwLock::new(SignatureRegistryInner::default())))
+    }
+
+    /// Looks up a function type from a shared signature index.
+    pub fn lookup_type(&self, index: VMSharedSignatureIndex) -> Option<WasmFuncType> {
+        self.0
+            .read()
+            .unwrap()
+            .entries
+            .get(index.bits() as usize)
+            .and_then(|e| e.as_ref().map(|e| &e.ty).cloned())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/store.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/store.rs
index f337b39975..6b4c65a1fc 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/store.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/store.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
-    module::ModuleRegistry, signatures::TrampolineMap, trampoline::StoreInstanceHandle, Engine,
-    Func, Module, Trap,
+    module::ModuleRegistry, signatures::SignatureCollection, trampoline::StoreInstanceHandle,
+    Engine, Func, Module, Trap,
 };
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 use std::any::{Any, TypeId};
@@ -15,11 +15,10 @@ use std::ptr;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
-use wasmtime_environ::wasm::WasmFuncType;
 use wasmtime_jit::ModuleCode;
 use wasmtime_runtime::{
     InstanceAllocator, InstanceHandle, OnDemandInstanceAllocator, SignalHandler, TrapInfo,
-    VMContext, VMExternRef, VMExternRefActivationsTable, VMInterrupts, VMSharedSignatureIndex,
+    VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc, VMContext, VMExternRef, VMExternRefActivationsTable, VMInterrupts,
     VMTrampoline,
 };
 
@@ -76,7 +75,8 @@ pub(crate) struct StoreInner {
     signal_handler: RefCell<Option<Box<SignalHandler<'static>>>>,
     externref_activations_table: VMExternRefActivationsTable,
     modules: RefCell<ModuleRegistry>,
-    trampolines: RefCell<TrampolineMap>,
+    // The signatures and trampolines for `Func` objects
+    signatures: RefCell<SignatureCollection>,
     // Numbers of resources instantiated in this store.
     instance_count: Cell<usize>,
     memory_count: Cell<usize>,
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ impl Store {
                 signal_handler: RefCell::new(None),
                 externref_activations_table: VMExternRefActivationsTable::new(),
                 modules: RefCell::new(ModuleRegistry::default()),
-                trampolines: RefCell::new(TrampolineMap::default()),
+                signatures: RefCell::new(SignatureCollection::new(engine.signatures())),
                 instance_count: Default::default(),
                 memory_count: Default::default(),
                 table_count: Default::default(),
@@ -203,41 +203,31 @@ impl Store {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn register_module(&self, module: &Module) {
-        // Register the module with the registry
-        self.inner.modules.borrow_mut().register(module);
+    pub(crate) fn signatures(&self) -> &RefCell<SignatureCollection> {
+        &self.inner.signatures
     }
 
-    // This is used to register a `Func` with the store
-    pub(crate) fn register_signature(
-        &self,
-        ty: &WasmFuncType,
-        trampoline: VMTrampoline,
-    ) -> VMSharedSignatureIndex {
-        let index = self.inner.engine.register_signature(ty);
-        self.inner
-            .trampolines
-            .borrow_mut()
-            .insert(index, trampoline);
-        index
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn lookup_trampoline(&self, index: VMSharedSignatureIndex) -> VMTrampoline {
+    pub(crate) fn lookup_trampoline(&self, anyfunc: &VMCallerCheckedAnyfunc) -> VMTrampoline {
         // Look up the trampoline with the store's trampolines (from `Func`).
-        if let Some(trampoline) = self.inner.trampolines.borrow().get(index) {
+        if let Some(trampoline) = self
+            .inner
+            .signatures
+            .borrow()
+            .trampoline(anyfunc.type_index)
+        {
             return trampoline;
         }
 
         // Look up the trampoline with the registered modules
-        if let Some(trampoline) = self.inner.modules.borrow().lookup_trampoline(index) {
+        if let Some(trampoline) = self.inner.modules.borrow().lookup_trampoline(anyfunc) {
             return trampoline;
         }
 
         // Lastly, check with the engine (for `HostFunc`)
         self.inner
             .engine
-            .host_func_trampolines()
-            .get(index)
+            .host_func_signatures()
+            .trampoline(anyfunc.type_index)
             .expect("trampoline missing")
     }
 
@@ -451,7 +441,7 @@ impl Store {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn stack_map_lookup(&self) -> *const dyn wasmtime_runtime::StackMapLookup {
+    pub(crate) fn stack_map_lookup(&self) -> &dyn wasmtime_runtime::StackMapLookup {
         self.inner.as_ref()
     }
 
@@ -918,16 +908,10 @@ impl Drop for StoreInner {
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        let trampolines = self.trampolines.borrow();
-
-        if !trampolines.is_empty() {
-            self.engine.unregister_signatures(trampolines.indexes());
-        }
     }
 }
 
-impl wasmtime_runtime::StackMapLookup for StoreInner {
+unsafe impl wasmtime_runtime::StackMapLookup for StoreInner {
     fn lookup(&self, pc: usize) -> Option<*const wasmtime_environ::ir::StackMap> {
         // The address of the stack map is stable for the lifetime of the store
         self.modules.borrow().lookup_stack_map(pc).map(|m| m as _)
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/trampoline.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/trampoline.rs
index 21eac2a134..1590bf444a 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/trampoline.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/trampoline.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ fn create_handle(
                 externref_activations_table: store.externref_activations_table()
                     as *const VMExternRefActivationsTable
                     as *mut _,
-                stack_map_lookup: Some(store.stack_map_lookup()),
+                stack_map_lookup: Some(std::mem::transmute(store.stack_map_lookup())),
             },
         )?;
 
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/trampoline/func.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/trampoline/func.rs
index 0265c0b3c1..0f95703268 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/trampoline/func.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/trampoline/func.rs
@@ -270,7 +270,11 @@ pub fn create_function(
     // If there is no store, use the default signature index which is
     // guaranteed to trap if there is ever an indirect call on the function (should not happen)
     let shared_signature_id = store
-        .map(|s| s.register_signature(ft.as_wasm_func_type(), trampoline))
+        .map(|s| {
+            s.signatures()
+                .borrow_mut()
+                .register(ft.as_wasm_func_type(), trampoline)
+        })
         .unwrap_or(VMSharedSignatureIndex::default());
 
     unsafe {
diff --git a/crates/wasmtime/src/types/matching.rs b/crates/wasmtime/src/types/matching.rs
index 55a55c1d62..7405194c12 100644
--- a/crates/wasmtime/src/types/matching.rs
+++ b/crates/wasmtime/src/types/matching.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{signatures::SharedSignatures, Extern, Store};
+use crate::{signatures::SignatureCollection, Extern, Store};
 use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
 use wasmtime_environ::wasm::{
     EntityType, Global, InstanceTypeIndex, Memory, ModuleTypeIndex, SignatureIndex, Table,
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use wasmtime_environ::wasm::{
 use wasmtime_jit::TypeTables;
 
 pub struct MatchCx<'a> {
-    pub signatures: &'a SharedSignatures,
+    pub signatures: &'a SignatureCollection,
     pub types: &'a TypeTables,
     pub store: &'a Store,
 }
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ impl MatchCx<'_> {
     }
 
     pub fn func(&self, expected: SignatureIndex, actual: &crate::Func) -> Result<()> {
-        let matches = match self.signatures.get(expected) {
-            Some(idx) => actual.sig_index() == *idx,
+        let matches = match self.signatures.shared_signature(expected) {
+            Some(idx) => actual.sig_index() == idx,
             // If our expected signature isn't registered, then there's no way
             // that `actual` can match it.
             None => false,
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl MatchCx<'_> {
     fn imports_match<'a>(
         &self,
         expected: ModuleTypeIndex,
-        actual_signatures: &SharedSignatures,
+        actual_signatures: &SignatureCollection,
         actual_types: &TypeTables,
         actual_imports: impl Iterator<Item = (&'a str, EntityType)>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl MatchCx<'_> {
     fn exports_match(
         &self,
         expected: InstanceTypeIndex,
-        actual_signatures: &SharedSignatures,
+        actual_signatures: &SignatureCollection,
         actual_types: &TypeTables,
         lookup: impl Fn(&str) -> Option<EntityType>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl MatchCx<'_> {
         &self,
         expected: &EntityType,
         actual_ty: &EntityType,
-        actual_signatures: &SharedSignatures,
+        actual_signatures: &SignatureCollection,
         actual_types: &TypeTables,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let actual_desc = match actual_ty {