Implement the post-return attribute (#4297)

This commit implements the `post-return` feature of the canonical ABI in
the component model. This attribute is an optionally-specified function
which is to be executed after the return value has been processed by the
caller to optionally clean-up the return value. This enables, for
example, returning an allocated string and the host then knows how to
clean it up to prevent memory leaks in the original module.

The API exposed in this PR changes the prior `TypedFunc::call` API in
behavior but not in its signature. Previously the `TypedFunc::call`
method would set the `may_enter` flag on the way out, but now that
operation is deferred until a new `TypedFunc::post_return` method is
called. This means that once a method on an instance is invoked then
nothing else can be done on the instance until the `post_return` method
is called. Note that the method must be called irrespective of whether
the `post-return` canonical ABI option was specified or not. Internally
wasm will be invoked if necessary.

This is a pretty wonky and unergonomic API to work with. For now I
couldn't think of a better alternative that improved on the ergonomics.
In the theory that the raw Wasmtime bindings for a component may not be
used all that heavily (instead `wit-bindgen` would largely be used) I'm
hoping that this isn't too much of an issue in the future.

cc #4185

crates/cranelift/src/compiler/component.rs

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ impl ComponentCompiler for Compiler {
         let CanonicalOptions {
             memory,
             realloc,
+            post_return,
             string_encoding,
         } = lowering.options;
 
@@ -94,6 +95,11 @@ impl ComponentCompiler for Compiler {
             None => builder.ins().iconst(pointer_type, 0),
         });
 
+        // A post-return option is only valid on `canon.lift`'d functions so no
+        // valid component should have this specified for a lowering which this
+        // trampoline compiler is interested in.
+        assert!(post_return.is_none());
+
         // string_encoding: StringEncoding
         host_sig.params.push(ir::AbiParam::new(ir::types::I8));
         callee_args.push(