diff --git a/crates/wasi-c2/src/ctx.rs b/crates/wasi-c2/src/ctx.rs
index 3b823cbfe9..b4febbb5a8 100644
--- a/crates/wasi-c2/src/ctx.rs
+++ b/crates/wasi-c2/src/ctx.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::dir::{DirEntry, WasiDir};
+use crate::dir::{DirCaps, DirEntry, WasiDir};
 use crate::file::{FileCaps, FileEntry, WasiFile};
 use crate::table::Table;
 use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
@@ -31,9 +31,17 @@ impl WasiCtx {
         self.table().insert_at(fd, e);
     }
 
-    pub fn insert_dir(&self, fd: u32, dir: Box<dyn WasiDir>, flags: u32, path: PathBuf) {
+    pub fn insert_dir(
+        &self,
+        fd: u32,
+        dir: Box<dyn WasiDir>,
+        base_caps: DirCaps,
+        inheriting_caps: DirCaps,
+        path: PathBuf,
+    ) {
         let e = DirEntry {
-            flags,
+            base_caps,
+            inheriting_caps,
             preopen_path: Some(path),
             dir,
         };
diff --git a/crates/wasi-c2/src/dir.rs b/crates/wasi-c2/src/dir.rs
index ab1531dc0c..62bddebe21 100644
--- a/crates/wasi-c2/src/dir.rs
+++ b/crates/wasi-c2/src/dir.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,75 @@
 // this file is extremely wip
 #![allow(dead_code, unused_variables)]
+use crate::error::Error;
+use crate::file::{self, WasiFile};
+use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
-pub trait WasiDir {}
+pub trait WasiDir {
+    fn open_file(
+        &self,
+        symlink_follow: bool,
+        path: &str,
+        oflags: file::OFlags,
+        fdflags: file::FdFlags,
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn WasiFile>, Error>;
+
+    fn open_dir(
+        &self,
+        symlink_follow: bool,
+        path: &str,
+        create: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Box<dyn WasiDir>, Error>;
+}
 
 pub(crate) struct DirEntry {
-    pub(crate) flags: u32,
+    pub(crate) base_caps: DirCaps,
+    pub(crate) inheriting_caps: DirCaps,
     pub(crate) preopen_path: Option<PathBuf>, // precondition: PathBuf is valid unicode
     pub(crate) dir: Box<dyn WasiDir>,
 }
 
+impl DirEntry {
+    pub fn get_cap(&self, caps: DirCaps) -> Result<&dyn WasiDir, Error> {
+        if self.base_caps.contains(&caps) && self.inheriting_caps.contains(&caps) {
+            Ok(self.dir.deref())
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::DirNotCapable(caps))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct DirCaps {
+    flags: u32,
+}
+
+impl DirCaps {
+    pub fn empty() -> Self {
+        DirCaps { flags: 0 }
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if `other` is a subset of those capabilties:
+    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.flags & other.flags == other.flags
+    }
+
+    pub const OPEN: Self = DirCaps { flags: 1 };
+    pub const READDIR: Self = DirCaps { flags: 2 };
+    pub const READLINK: Self = DirCaps { flags: 4 };
+    pub const RENAME_SOURCE: Self = DirCaps { flags: 8 };
+    pub const RENAME_TARGET: Self = DirCaps { flags: 16 };
+    pub const SYMLINK: Self = DirCaps { flags: 32 };
+    pub const REMOVE_DIRECTORY: Self = DirCaps { flags: 64 };
+    pub const UNLINK_FILE: Self = DirCaps { flags: 128 };
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for DirCaps {
+    fn fmt(&self, _f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
 pub trait TableDirExt {
     fn is_preopen(&self, fd: u32) -> bool;
 }
diff --git a/crates/wasi-c2/src/error.rs b/crates/wasi-c2/src/error.rs
index e45e459504..f4a940283d 100644
--- a/crates/wasi-c2/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/wasi-c2/src/error.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::dir::DirCaps;
 use crate::file::FileCaps;
 use thiserror::Error;
 
@@ -19,6 +20,14 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("File not capable: {0}")]
     FileNotCapable(FileCaps),
 
+    /// Errno::Notcapable: Extension: Capabilities insufficient
+    #[error("Directory not capable: {0}")]
+    DirNotCapable(DirCaps),
+
+    /// Idk what the deal with this guy is yet
+    #[error("Table overflow")]
+    TableOverflow,
+
     /// The host OS may return an io error that doesn't match one of the
     /// wasi errno variants we expect. We do not expose the details of this
     /// error to the user.
diff --git a/crates/wasi-c2/src/snapshots/preview_1.rs b/crates/wasi-c2/src/snapshots/preview_1.rs
index edea23d845..7bd1bc923e 100644
--- a/crates/wasi-c2/src/snapshots/preview_1.rs
+++ b/crates/wasi-c2/src/snapshots/preview_1.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #![allow(unused_variables)]
-use crate::dir::{DirEntry, TableDirExt};
+use crate::dir::{DirCaps, DirEntry, TableDirExt};
 use crate::file::{
     FdFlags, FdStat, FileCaps, FileEntry, Filestat, FilestatSetTime, Filetype, OFlags,
 };
@@ -73,7 +73,9 @@ impl From<Error> for types::Errno {
             Error::Perm => Errno::Perm,
             Error::Spipe => Errno::Spipe,
             Error::FileNotCapable { .. } => Errno::Notcapable,
+            Error::DirNotCapable { .. } => Errno::Notcapable,
             Error::NotCapable => Errno::Notcapable,
+            Error::TableOverflow => Errno::Overflow,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ impl<'a> wasi_snapshot_preview1::WasiSnapshotPreview1 for WasiCtx {
         let table = self.table();
         let file_entry: RefMut<FileEntry> = table.get(u32::from(fd))?;
         let f = file_entry.get_cap(FileCaps::FDSTAT_SET_FLAGS)?;
-        f.set_oflags(OFlags::try_from(flags)?)?;
+        f.set_oflags(OFlags::try_from(&flags)?)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -547,7 +549,45 @@ impl<'a> wasi_snapshot_preview1::WasiSnapshotPreview1 for WasiCtx {
         fs_rights_inheriting: types::Rights,
         fdflags: types::Fdflags,
     ) -> Result<types::Fd, Error> {
-        unimplemented!()
+        let mut table = self.table();
+        let dir_entry: RefMut<DirEntry> = table.get(u32::from(dirfd))?;
+        let dir = dir_entry.get_cap(DirCaps::OPEN)?;
+        let symlink_follow = dirflags.contains(&types::Lookupflags::SYMLINK_FOLLOW);
+        let path = path.as_str()?;
+        if oflags.contains(&types::Oflags::DIRECTORY) {
+            let create = oflags.contains(&types::Oflags::CREAT);
+            let child_dir = dir.open_dir(symlink_follow, path.deref(), create)?;
+
+            // XXX go back and check these caps conversions - probably need to validate them
+            // against ???
+            let base_caps = DirCaps::try_from(&fs_rights_base)?;
+            let inheriting_caps = DirCaps::try_from(&fs_rights_inheriting)?;
+            drop(dir);
+            drop(dir_entry);
+            let fd = table.push(DirEntry {
+                dir: child_dir,
+                base_caps,
+                inheriting_caps,
+                preopen_path: None,
+            })?;
+            Ok(types::Fd::from(fd))
+        } else {
+            let oflags = OFlags::try_from(&oflags)?;
+            let fdflags = FdFlags::try_from(&fdflags)?;
+            let file = dir.open_file(symlink_follow, path.deref(), oflags, fdflags)?;
+            // XXX go back and check these caps conversions - probably need to validate them
+            // against ???
+            let base_caps = FileCaps::try_from(&fs_rights_base)?;
+            let inheriting_caps = FileCaps::try_from(&fs_rights_inheriting)?;
+            drop(dir);
+            drop(dir_entry);
+            let fd = table.push(FileEntry {
+                file,
+                base_caps,
+                inheriting_caps,
+            })?;
+            Ok(types::Fd::from(fd))
+        }
     }
 
     fn path_readlink(
@@ -678,6 +718,14 @@ impl TryFrom<&types::Rights> for FileCaps {
     }
 }
 
+// DirCaps are a subset of wasi Rights - not all Rights have a valid representation as DirCaps
+impl TryFrom<&types::Rights> for DirCaps {
+    type Error = Error;
+    fn try_from(rights: &types::Rights) -> Result<DirCaps, Self::Error> {
+        todo!("translate Rights flags to DirCaps flags")
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<&Filetype> for types::Filetype {
     fn from(ft: &Filetype) -> types::Filetype {
         match ft {
@@ -695,9 +743,26 @@ impl From<&FdFlags> for types::Fdflags {
     }
 }
 
-impl TryFrom<types::Fdflags> for OFlags {
+impl TryFrom<&types::Oflags> for OFlags {
     type Error = Error;
-    fn try_from(fdflags: types::Fdflags) -> Result<OFlags, Self::Error> {
+    fn try_from(oflags: &types::Oflags) -> Result<OFlags, Self::Error> {
+        if oflags.contains(&types::Oflags::DIRECTORY) {
+            return Err(Error::Inval);
+        }
+        todo!("rest of oflags translation should be trivial - creat excl trunc")
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&types::Fdflags> for FdFlags {
+    type Error = Error;
+    fn try_from(fdflags: &types::Fdflags) -> Result<FdFlags, Self::Error> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&types::Fdflags> for OFlags {
+    type Error = Error;
+    fn try_from(fdflags: &types::Fdflags) -> Result<OFlags, Self::Error> {
         todo!()
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/wasi-c2/src/table.rs b/crates/wasi-c2/src/table.rs
index c97721a584..0f13d20893 100644
--- a/crates/wasi-c2/src/table.rs
+++ b/crates/wasi-c2/src/table.rs
@@ -20,15 +20,17 @@ impl Table {
         self.map.insert(key, RefCell::new(Box::new(a)));
     }
 
-    pub fn push(&mut self, a: impl Any + Sized) -> u32 {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, a: impl Any + Sized) -> Result<u32, Error> {
         loop {
             let key = self.next_key;
-            self.next_key += 1;
+            // XXX this is not correct. The table may still have empty entries, but our
+            // linear search strategy is quite bad
+            self.next_key = self.next_key.checked_add(1).ok_or(Error::TableOverflow)?;
             if self.map.contains_key(&key) {
                 continue;
             }
             self.map.insert(key, RefCell::new(Box::new(a)));
-            return key;
+            return Ok(key);
         }
     }